10.1007/s40095-022-00533-1

Analytical MPPT for PV water heating system based on inverter input impedance

  • Henrique Pires Corrêa*1,
  • Flávio Henrique Teles Vieira1,
  1. School of Electrical, Mechanical and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-010, BR

Published in Issue 2022-09-20

How to Cite

Corrêa, H. P., & Vieira, F. H. T. (2022). Analytical MPPT for PV water heating system based on inverter input impedance. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 14(3 (September 2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-022-00533-1
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Abstract Carrying out maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is of utmost importance in photovoltaic (PV) systems to ensure high-efficiency power generation. A type of PV system which has not received much attention in MPPT literature is the photovoltaic water heating system (PWHS). The few existing PWHS-specific MPPT approaches in the literature suffer either from low efficiency, complex implementation or significant sensitivity to sample time. Taking this into account, the present work has the objective of proposing a novel MPPT approach for PWHSs that avoids all aforementioned difficulties. The proposed approach is analytical and its main innovation consists in estimating the PV inverter input impedance, which enables the direct computation of duty cycle. Validation is carried via computer simulations, in which comparison to three MPPT methods for PWHSs is considered. Obtained results show that the proposed method yields MPPT energy efficiency improvements of: (a) 0.79%, 1.18% and 11.12% with respect to the other three methods; (b) 0.59% and 0.90% under dynamic irradiance and temperature, respectively, compared to the second-best method; and (c) 7.55%, in average, for varying sample time when compared to the second-best method. At last, the proposed method is seen to be robust with respect to impedance estimation error and maintains peak efficiency for a 37% error margin.

Keywords

  • Maximum power point tracking,
  • Photovoltaic system,
  • Analytical method,
  • Input impedance,
  • Water heating

References

  1. Clift and Suehrcke (2021) Control optimization of pv powered electric storage and heat pump water heaters (pp. 489-500) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.08.059
  2. Matuska and Sourek (2017) Performance analysis of photovoltaic water heating system https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7540250
  3. Alajmi et al. (2018) Transforming a passive house into a net-zero energy house: a case study in the pacific northwest of the U.S (pp. 39-49) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.107
  4. Joshi and Dhoble (2018) Photovoltaic -thermal systems (pvt): technology review and future trends (pp. 848-882) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.067
  5. Venkatramanan and John (2019) Dynamic modeling and analysis of buck converter based solar pv charge controller for improved mppt performance 55(6) (pp. 6234-6246) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2019.2937856
  6. Kim et al. (2016) Photovoltaic hot-spot detection for solar panel substrings using ac parameter characterization 31(2) (pp. 1121-1130) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2417548
  7. Kim et al. (2018) High-efficiency two-stage three-level grid-connected photovoltaic inverter 65(3) (pp. 2368-2377) https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2740835
  8. Wu et al. (2011) Power loss comparison of single- and two-stage grid-connected photovoltaic systems 26(2) (pp. 707-715) https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2011.2123897
  9. Li et al. (2015) A maximum power point tracking control strategy with variable weather parameters for photovoltaic systems with dc bus (pp. 478-488) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.08.056
  10. Cheng, G.S.-X., Mulkeym, S.L., Chow, A.J.: Smart microgrids and dual-output off-grid power inverters with DC source flexibility. US Patent 9871379B2, January 2018
  11. Butler, B.L.: Photovoltaic DC heater systems. US Patent 9518759B2 (2016)
  12. Fanney, A.H., Dougherty, B.P.: Photovoltaic solar water heating system. US Patent 5293447A (1994)
  13. Newman, M., Newman, G.: Solar Photovoltaic water heating system. US Patent 0153913A1 (2014)
  14. Bollipo et al. (2021) Hybrid, optimal, intelligent and classical pv mppt techniques: a review 7(1) (pp. 9-33) https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2019.02720
  15. Yap et al. (2020) Artificial intelligence based mppt techniques for solar power system: a review 8(6) (pp. 1043-1059) https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2020.000159
  16. Subudhi and Pradhan (2013) A comparative study on maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic power systems 4(1) (pp. 89-98) https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2012.2202294
  17. Jately et al. (2021) Experimental analysis of hill-climbing mppt algorithms under low irradiance levels https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111467
  18. CyboEnergy: Off-Grid CI-Mini-1200H for Electrical Water Heaters. Rancho Cordova, CA, USA (2019). CyboEnergy.
  19. http://www.cyboenergy.com/products/cimini1200h_spec.html
  20. Elgendy et al. (2012) Assessment of perturb and observe mppt algorithm implementation techniques for pv pumping applications 3(1) (pp. 21-33) https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2011.2168245
  21. De Soto et al. (2006) Improvement and validation of a model for photovoltaic array performance 80(1) (pp. 78-88) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2005.06.010
  22. Siddique, H.A.B., Xu, P., De Doncker, R.W.: Parameter extraction algorithm for one-diode model of pv panels based on datasheet values. In: 2013 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), pp. 7–13 (2013).
  23. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCEP.2013.6586957
  24. Blair, N., DiOrio, N., Freeman, J., Gilman, P., Janzou, S., Neises, T., Wagner., M.: System advisor model (sam) general description (version 2017.9.5). NREL/ TP-6A20-70414 (2018)
  25. Teodorescu et al. (2011) Wiley https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470667057
  26. Glasner, I., Appelbaum, J.: Advantage of boost vs. buck topology for maximum power point tracker in photovoltaic systems. In: Proceedings of 19th Convention of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel, pp. 355–358 (1996).
  27. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEIS.1996.566988
  28. Erickson and Maksimović (2020) Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43881-4
  29. Hauke, B.: Basic calculation of a boost converter’s power stage. Application Report SLVA372C, 1–49 (2014).
  30. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8495141
  31. Rashid (2014) Pearson
  32. Mohan et al. (2003) Wiley
  33. Femia et al. (2005) Optimization of perturb and observe maximum power point tracking method 20(4) (pp. 963-973) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2005.850975
  34. Ishaque et al. (2014) The performance of perturb and observe and incremental conductance maximum power point tracking method under dynamic weather conditions (pp. 228-236) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.12.054
  35. Akagi et al. (2017) Wiley
  36. Masoum et al. (2002) Theoretical and experimental analyses of photovoltaic systems with voltageand current-based maximum power-point tracking 17(4) (pp. 514-522) https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2002.805205