10.1007/s40095-019-0296-x

Gas escape to crankcase: impact of system parameters on sealing behavior of a piston cylinder ring pack

Show Details XML HTML PDF
  • Cristiana Delprete1,
  • Erjon Selmani*2,
  • Arian Bisha2,
  1. Politecnico di Torino, Torino, IT
  2. Universiteti Politeknik i Tiranës, Tirana, AL
Cover Image

Published in Issue 2019-03-11

How to Cite

Delprete, C., Selmani, E., & Bisha, A. (2019). Gas escape to crankcase: impact of system parameters on sealing behavior of a piston cylinder ring pack. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 10(2 (June 2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-019-0296-x
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

HTML views: 89

PDF views: 366

Abstract

Abstract Internal combustion engines are the generators of energy for many transportation applications, but they still have an overall low efficiency due to mechanical and thermal losses. The combustion chamber is the core element of the engine and it ought to be perfectly sealed; however, some of the gas leaks toward the crankcase due to imperfect sealing of the rings. This leakage is known as blow-by and affects efficiency, correct lubrication and emissions. The aim of this paper was to understand, in a more detailed way, how some parameters could affect the sealing efficiency of a ring pack. In particular, ring gaps, ring masses and elastic properties, and ring static twists, were varied from the original and investigated for their influence on the inter-ring dynamics and sealing efficiency. The problem, referred to a turbo diesel engine, was formulated in terms of motion equations for the rings and gas equations for the inter-ring crevices, and solved in © Ricardo RINGPAK solver. The results were compared with the original design and with the reference literature. These results confirm that ring gaps and ring unstable motion have an important role in the phenomenon of gas blow-by. In addition, the second ring emerged to have a more important role on the blow-by reduction with respect to the top ring. However, this phenomenon is complex due to the interaction of several parameters, not all of which were included in this study. Nevertheless, these findings can already be taken into account for further studies or experimental investigations.

Keywords

  • Blow-by,
  • Internal combustion engines,
  • Piston ring,
  • Ring dynamics,
  • Ricardo
HTML PDF

References

  1. https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/wec_transport_scenarios_2050.pdf
  2. . Accessed Jan 2018
  3. Zhao JX, Lee Chia-fon F (2006) Modeling of blow-by in a small-bore high-speed direct-injection optically accessible diesel engine. No. 2006-01-0649. SAE Technical Paper
  4. Froelund K, Yilmaz E (2004) Impact of engine oil consumption on particulate emissions. In: ICAT international conference on automotive technology, Istanbul, Turkey
  5. Green RM, Cloutman LD (1997) Planar LIF observations of unburned fuel escaping the upper ring-land crevice in an SI engine. SAE paper 970823
  6. Alkidas (1999) Combustion-chamber crevices: the major source of engine-out hydrocarbon emissions under fully warmed conditions 25(3) (pp. 253-273) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1285(98)00026-4
  7. Arnault N, Bonne S (2012) Engine lube-oil consumption stakes and benefits from significant blow-by oil mist reduction. No. 2012-01-1617. SAE Technical Paper
  8. Furuhama and Tosio (1961) On the flow of gas through the piston-rings: 2nd report, the character of gas leakage 4(16) (pp. 691-698) https://doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.4.691
  9. Namazian M, Heywood JB (1982) Flow in the piston-cylinder-ring crevices of a spark-ignition engine: effect on hydrocarbon emissions, efficiency and power. No. 820088. SAE Technical Paper
  10. Keribar et al. (1991) An integrated model of ring pack performance (pp. 382-389) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2906242
  11. Wannatong et al. (2008) Simulation algorithm for piston ring dynamics 16(1) (pp. 127-146) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2007.11.004
  12. Makartchouk (2002) Marcel Dekker Inc.
  13. Tomanik E, Sobrinho RMS, Zecchinelli R (1993) Influence of top ring end gap types at blow-by of internal combustion engines. No. 931669. SAE Technical Paper
  14. Iijima N et al (2002) An experimental study on phenomena of piston ring collapse. No. 2002-01-0483. SAE Technical Paper
  15. Przesmitzki S, Tian T (2008) An Experimental study of the time scales and controlling factors affecting drastic blow-by increases during transient load changes in SI engines. No. 2008-01-0794. SAE Technical Paper
  16. Tian (2002) Dynamic behaviours of piston rings and their practical impact. Part 1: ring flutter and ring collapse and their effects on gas flow and oil transport 216(4) (pp. 209-228) https://doi.org/10.1243/135065002760199961
  17. Tian (2002) Dynamic behaviours of piston rings and their practical impact. Part 2: oil transport, friction and wear of ring/liner interface and the effects of piston and ring dynamics 216(4) (pp. 229-248) https://doi.org/10.1243/135065002760199970
  18. Rabute and Tian (2001) Challenges involved in piston top ring designs for modern SI engines 123(2) (pp. 448-459) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1364520
  19. Cheng et al. (2015) The dynamics of second ring flutter and collapse in modern diesel engines 137(11) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4030291
  20. Yoshida H, Sugihara H, Kusama K (1995) Practical use of two piston ring set for gasoline engine. No. 950817. SAE Technical Paper
  21. Delprete et al. (2018) Gas escape from combustion chamber to crankcase, analysis of a set of parameters affecting the blow Springer
  22. Heywood (1988) McGraw-Hill