10.57647/j.ccd.2025.0803.16

Drawing a Scientific Map of Aesthetics Studies in Iranian Architecture and Urban Design Products from 2011 to 2021

  1. Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
  2. Department of Art & architecture, Ma.c., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
  3. Department of Management, School of Management, Economics and Progress Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2024-07-30

Revised: 2025-01-17

Accepted: 2025-03-03

Published in Issue 2023-09-30

How to Cite

Hosseininasab, S., Aeini, S., & Bonyadi Naeini, A. (2023). Drawing a Scientific Map of Aesthetics Studies in Iranian Architecture and Urban Design Products from 2011 to 2021. Creative City Design, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.57647/j.ccd.2025.0803.16

PDF views: 141

Abstract

Aims: The concept of beauty is an essential aspect of architecture that has received significant attention from researchers and professionals in the field. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of this concept may lead to an incomplete understanding of beauty among researchers, architects, and clients. This deficiency can have far-reaching consequences, affecting management, policy-making, and even architectural education. Therefore, we focused on the educational aspect of the problem because we believe that identifying scientific similarities in this field will enable architects and urban planners to find a common language to talk about beauty more practically. The crucial step in compensating for this lack is to examine what architects and urban planners know about beauty and which definitions of aesthetics are studied in current scientific products. Scientometrics evaluations provide practical techniques for finding solutions to the mentioned questions. Hence, this study aims to draw a scientific map of aesthetics studies in architecture and urban design products in Iran from 2011 to 2021. This map will enable us to acquire a more precise picture of the way researchers and actors in the field of architecture and urban design think about beauty and its priorities.

Methodology: The study employed a mixed research method, with a focus on content analysis extracted from a systematic review that drew a scientific map based on a focus on beauty. Content analysis was accomplished in five steps: data gathering, categorizing, coding, analyzing, and interpretation by researchers. The evaluation of published studies by Iranian researchers in Scopus and Web of Science in the field of architecture and urban planning between 2011 and 2021 formed the basis of the study. We used the Prisma checklist to select 36 items between 358 studies. The software for data analysis used in this research was MAXQDA, UCINET and Excel.

 Finding: The findings of the study revealed that most research has focused on the visual features of architectural and urban forms, with the aesthetics of residential facades and urban walls being the most studied. The co-word network analysis revealed that concepts such as sustainability, design, and visual features have led to the formation of the main framework in aesthetic studies.

Conclusion: the development of aesthetic research with attention to non-visual perceptions such as tactile and auditory perception in the environment, along with attention to the values ​​existing in the cultural context of Iran, can compensate for the existing shortcomings in this area.

Keywords

  • Aesthetics,
  • Architecture,
  • Urban Planning,
  • Beauty,
  • Scientometrics

References

  1. Kurt Groter, J. Aesthetics in architecture. (J. Pakzad, & A. Homayoun, Translators). Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press 2018.
  2. https://www.google.com/books/edition/%C3%84sthetik_der_Architektur/RFjqAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22J%C3%B6rg%20Kurt%20Gr%C3%BCtter%22
  3. Karimi Moshaver, M. Approaches and methods in urban aesthetics. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar 2013; 10(24): 47–56. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_2693_en.html
  4. Norouzi Chakoli, A., & Hassan Zadeh, M. Science, Technology and Innovation Growth: A Scientometrics Approach. Health Information Management 2010; 7(4): 474-484. https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11005.html
  5. Norouzi Chakoli, A. The Role and Situation of the Scientometrics in Development. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management 2012; 27(3): 723-736. https://jipm.irandoc.ac.ir/article_699164.html
  6. Baskabadi, M., Efhami, R., & Foroud, F. Neuroesthetics (neuroscience-based aesthetics) and its challenges. Journal of Visual and Applied Arts 2013; 12: 1-14. https://sid.ir/paper/488290/fa
  7. Karimi, L., Pirhaqi, M., & Sabouri, A. Conventional and New Indicators for Scientometric. Journal of Science Cultivation 2015; 6(1): 6-13. https://www.sciencecultivation.ir/article_242347.html?lang=en
  8. Chatterjee, A. Neuroaesthetics: A Coming-of-Age Story. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2011; 23(1): 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21457
  9. Pakzad, J., & Saki, A. Aesthetic Experience of Built Environment. Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Planning 2014; 19(3): 5-14. https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_55399.html?lang=en
  10. Redies, C. Combining universal beauty and cultural context in a unifying model of visual aesthetic experience. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2015; 9: 218. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00218
  11. Thornhill, R. Darwinian aesthetics informs traditional aesthetics. In Evolutionary aesthetics 2003; (pp. 9–35). Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-07142-7_2
  12. Piroozfar, P. (Amir E.), & Farr, E. R. P. Visual perception and the choice of systemised building façades. Architectural Engineering and Design Management 2015; 11(1): 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2013.775103
  13. zeki, S. Beauty in Architecture: Not a Luxury ‐ Only a Necessity. Architectural Design 2019; 89(5), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.2473
  14. Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.[internet] 2021. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
  15. Piroozfar, P. (Amir E.), & Farr, E. R. P. Visual perception and the choice of systemised building façades. Architectural Engineering and Design Management 2015; 11(1): 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2013.775103
  16. Asareh, F., Ahmadi, H., Heydari, G., & Hosseini Beheshti, M. Mapping and Analysis of Iranian Conceptual Network of the Structure of Scientometrics. Journal of Studies in Library and Information Science2017; 9(3): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.22055/slis.2018.11650
  17. Soori, F., Norouzi, Y., FamilRohani, S., & Zarei, A. Drawing the scientific map of Islamic Azad university researchers’ products in the field of Art and Architect in Web of Science site. Scientometrics Research Journal 2020; 6(1): 127-148. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2019.4377.1286
  18. Hosseini Nasab, S., Mehdizadeh Saraj, F., & Khanmohammadi, M. A. Analysis of Iranian Scientific Productions in Neuro-Architecture: A Scoping Review. Scientometrics Research Journal 2023; 9(1, spring&summer): 231–258. https://doi.org/10.22070/rsci.2021.13910.1479
  19. Anglada-Tort, M., & Skov, M. What counts as Aesthetics in Science? A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of the Scientific Literature from 1970 to 2018. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 2020; 39. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/aca0000350
  20. Moosavian, S., GoharRizi, B. A., & Shahcheraghi, A. Typology and Comparative Analysis of Research Approaches to Aesthetics of Architecture. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar 2021; 18(95): 85–100. https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2020.235387.4570
  21. Baas, J., Schotten, M., Plume, A., Côté, G., & Karimi, R. Scopus as a curated, high-quality bibliometric data source for academic research in quantitative science studies. Quantitative Science Studies 2020; 1(1): 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00019
  22. Shah, S. R., & Mahmood, K. Validation of journal impact metrics of Web of Science and Scopus. Pakistan Journal of Information Management & Libraries 2016; 18(2): 58–74. https://doi.org/10.47657/2016181970
  23. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Group, P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine 2009; 6(7): e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
  24. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications 2017. https://books.google.com/books/about/Research_Design.html?id=335ZDwAAQBAJ
  25. Azemati, H., Jam, F., Ghorbani, M., Dehmer, M., Ebrahimpour, R., Ghanbaran, A., & Emmert-Streib, F. The role of symmetry in the aesthetics of residential building façades using cognitive science methods. Symmetry 2020; 12(9), 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12091438
  26. Ilbeigi, M., KohneRoudPosht, A. M., Ghomeishi, M., & Behrouzifard, E. Cognitive differences in residential facades from the aesthetic perspectives of architects and non-architects: A case study of Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019; 51, 101760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101760
  27. Sadeqi, S., Ekhlassi, A., & Norouzian-Maleki, S. An analysis of structural aesthetics in architecture case study: Taj-Ol-Molk Dome, Jāmeh Mosque of Isfahan, Iran. SN Applied Sciences2019; 1(6): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0558-5
  28. Wahdattalab, M., Hashemi, T., & Ghadimzadeh, S. The Concept and Aspects of Manifestation of Elegance in Architecture; Case Study: Soltaniyeh Dome and Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-E Nazar 2020; 16(81): 39–52. https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2019.176115.4042
  29. Amoian, F. An introduction to Bionic designing: Matching the design with the form and function pattern. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2016; 11(14): 843–850. https://doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2016.843.850
  30. Galogahi, S. Z., Alishah, M., Zadeh, R. A., & Rassoli, S. R. Determining factors promoting design of music centers in national urban spaces (statistical population: Citizens of sari-provincial capital of mazandaran, iran). The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication. Special Edition 2016; 1314-1328. https://doi.org/10.7456/1060AGSE/016
  31. Imani, N., & Zafarmandi, S. Origins of Taste in Architecture. The Monthly Scientific Journal of BAGH-E NAZAR 2017; 14(53): 33–42. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_51267.html?lang=en
  32. Bahramnezhad, S., Safania, A. M., & Moosavi, S. J. Effect of the aesthetics dimensions on tendency of women to recreational and sport space in Mazandaran Province’s Parks. Advances in Environmental Biology 2015; 320–327. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA417473565&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=19950756&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7E7368527c&aty=open-web-entry
  33. Ghomeshi, M., & Jusan, M. M. Investigating different aesthetic preferences between architects and non-architects in residential façade designs. Indoor and Built Environment 2013; 22(6): 952–964. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X12458513
  34. Karimimoshaver, M., Eris, B., Aram, F., & Mosavi, A. Art in Urban Spaces. Sustainability 2021; 13(10): 5597. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105597
  35. Norouzian-Maleki, S., Bell, S., Hosseini, S.-B., Faizi, M., & Saleh-Sedghpour, B. A comparison of neighbourhood liveability as perceived by two groups of residents: Tehran, Iran and Tartu, Estonia. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2018; 35: 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.08.004
  36. Miri, G., & Aghaei, A. A. The Role of Urban Management in Sustainable Urban Development in Iran. Amazonia Investiga 2018; 7(12): 87–95. https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/568
  37. Shemirani, S. M. M., & Hodjati, V. Comparative evaluation of principles of urban design and sustainable development. Advances in Environmental Biology 2013; 288–301. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA336175945&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=19950756&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7Ed6cebf0d&aty=open-web-entry
  38. Esmaili, F., Charehjoo, F., & Hoorijani, N. Analyzing and Evaluating Facades with a Special Approach to Visual Aesthetics Using the Grid Method (Case Study: Enqelab Street in Sanandaj). The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-E Nazar2020; 17(82): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2019.165147.3934
  39. Moarab, Y., Golchin, P., Amiri, M. J., & Afsari, R. Comparative investigation of the quality of urban streets of Tehran based on the criteria of excellent streets Case study: Enghelab, Keshavarz and Fatemi streets. Journal of Environmental Studies 2015; 41(1): 283–296. https://doi.org/10.22059/jes.2015.53915
  40. Nasar, J. L., & Bokharaei, S. Impressions of lighting in public squares after dark. Environment and Behavior 2017; 49(3): 227–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916515626546
  41. Aliyas, Z., & Masoudi Nezhad, S. The role of historical persian gardens as urban green spaces: Psychological, physical, and social aspects. Environmental Justice 2019; 12(3): 132–139. https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2018.0034
  42. Bapiri, J., Esfandiar, K., & Seyfi, S. A photo-elicitation study of the meanings of a cultural heritage site experience: A means-end chain approach. Journal of Heritage Tourism 2021; 16(1): 62–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2020.1756833
  43. Motevalian, N., & Yeganeh, M. Visually meaningful sustainability in national monuments as an international heritage. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020; 60, 102207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102207
  44. Mehdizadeh Saradj, F., Mozafar, F., Taefnia, M., & Sajad, R. A. Urban spaces quality enrichment based on aesthetic values of historical fabrics of Isfahan, Iran. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning 2017; 171(5): 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1680/jurdp.16.00041
  45. Taher Tolou Del, M. S., Saleh Sedghpour, B., & Kamali Tabrizi, S. Factors affecting the value revitalization of Qajar religious schools in Tehran. Heritage Science 2021; 9(1): 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-021-00526-z
  46. Tadayon, B., Ghalehnoee, M., & Abouei, R. Proposing a Method for Analyzing the Color Facade and adopting it as Pattern in Historic Urban Spaces’ scape. The Monthly Scientific Journal of BAGH-E NAZAR 2018; 15(59): 45–58. https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2018.60566
  47. Loo, L. D. The Influence of Intertextuality on Aesthetic Principles in Postmodernist Painting and Architecture. Civil Engineering Journal 2018; 4(6): 1426–1436. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309183
  48. Mafakher, F. Post-Postmodern Urban Architecture based on Jacques Lacan’s three orders. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 2018; 8(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_211
  49. Zahraeipour, N., Jafarpoor, R. 91. The Status of the River Valleys of Tehran as the Most Important Natural Edges of the City in the High-Level Document (Comprehensive plan) of the City. The Monthly Scientific Journal of BAGH-E NAZAR 2021; 18: 2021–2022. https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2020.195110.4234
  50. Seraj, S. H. Comparative Study of Music and Architecture from the Aesthetic View. Journal of History Culture and Art Research 2017; 6(1): 685–702. https://doi.org/10.14201/aula202329245261
  51. Talebi, M., & Ayvazian, S. Comparative study of the art of calligraphy of the nastaliq font and architecture. QUID: Investigación, Ciencia y Tecnología 2017; 1: 2248–2259. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6227161
  52. Aeini,s., Afzalian, kh., Etesam,i., Shariatrad,f. Problem Framing, Interdisciplinary Problem-Solving Strategy. Creative city design 2021; 4 (3): 16-32. https://oiccpress.com/crcd/article/view/7661
  53. Aeini,s., Afzalian, kh., Etesam,i., Shariatrad,f. Metaphorical Reasoning in Architectural Design and Construction. Creative city design 2023; 6 (1): 32-45. https://journals.iau.ir/article_698888.html
  54. Bonaiuto, M., Fornara, F., Alves, S., Ferreira, I., Mao, Y., Moffat, E., Piccinin, G., & Rahimi, L. Urban environment and well-being: Cross-cultural studies on Perceived Residential Environment Quality Indicators (PREQIs). Cognitive Processing 2015; 16(1): 165–169. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10339-015-0691-z
  55. Fathi, M., & Masnavi, M. R. Assessing environmental aesthetics of roadside vegetation and scenic beauty of highway landscape: Preferences and perception of motorists. International Journal of Environmental Research 2014; 8(4): 941–952. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.786
  56. Habibi, A. New Approaches to the Landscape Aesthetics Research. The Monthly Scientific Journal of BAGH-E NAZAR 2017; 14(49): 69–76. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_47442_en.html
  57. Mansouri, M . Water, as the origin of beauty in Persian Garden. MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of Landscape 2019; 11(48): 32–43. https://doi.org/10.22034/manzar.2019.199222.1994
  58. Alipour, L., Faizi, M., Moradi, A. M., & Akrami, G. The impact of designers’ goals on design-by-analogy. Design Studies 2017; 51: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2017.04.001
  59. Pallasmaa, J. The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses. John Wiley & Sons 2012. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Eyes_of_the_Skin.html?id=VXUxwHx9wlQC