10.57647/ccd.2026.0902.11

Recognizing the Social Pattern of Place Attachment in Informal Settlements: An Empirical Study of the Al-Timor Neighborhood in Mashhad

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  • Ndia Arbab Saljooghi1,
  • Toktam Hanaee*1,
  • Seyyed Moslem Seyyedolhoseini1,
  • Sanaz Saeidimofrad1,
  1. Department of Urbanism, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

Received: 2025-10-09

Revised: 2025-11-29

Accepted: 2026-02-07

Published in Issue 2026-09-30

Published Online: 2026-05-20

Copyright (c) 2026 Ndia Arbab Saljooghi, Toktam Hanaee, Seyyed Moslem Seyyedolhoseini, Sanaz Saeidimofrad (Author)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Arbab Saljooghi, N., Hanaee, T., Seyyedolhoseini, S. M., & Saeidimofrad, S. (2026). Recognizing the Social Pattern of Place Attachment in Informal Settlements: An Empirical Study of the Al-Timor Neighborhood in Mashhad. Creative City Design, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.57647/ccd.2026.0902.11
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Abstract

Aims: Rapid urbanization has contributed to the emergence and expansion of informal settlements, often accompanied by socio-economic, cultural, and environmental challenges. One issue frequently observed in such areas is a weakened sense of place attachment, which can influence residents’ well-being and their long-term engagement in community life. Place attachment reflects the emotional and cognitive bond individuals form with specific environments and plays an essential role in shaping responsibility, participation, and social stability. Given the diversity of ethnic and kinship networks in informal settlements, subcultures play a central role in shaping social relations and everyday interactions, which directly influence how residents develop or weaken their sense of place. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the social patterns that shape place attachment in informal settlements, with a focus on the Al-Timor neighborhood in Mashhad.

Methodology: This study adopts a quantitative research approach. Using a questionnaire-based survey, data were collected from residents of the study area. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Partial Least Squares (PLS) software to examine the relationships between sociological, behavioral, and emotional dimensions and place attachment.

Findings: The results show that sociological, behavioral, and emotional dimensions significantly contribute to the formation and reinforcement of place attachment. Furthermore, ethnic- and kinship-based subcultures, particularly through their influence on social interactions, demonstrate a notable effect on strengthening or weakening these dimensions.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of subcultural structures and social interaction patterns in shaping place attachment within informal settlements. These insights can support the formulation of urban policies and planning strategies aimed at improving the quality of life and strengthening community cohesion in informal settlements.

Keywords

  • Social pattern,
  • Place attachment,
  • Informal settlement,
  • Al-Timor neighborhood
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