10.57647/ccd.2026.0901.04

Deciphering the Hidden Geometry of the Hasht Behesht Palace Plan (Isfahan): An Analytical Study Based on the Square-Growth System

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  • Fatemeh Almasi*1,
  • Nooshin Abbasi1,
  • Shahram Taghipour1,
  1. Department of Architecture, Shk.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

Received: 2025-07-24

Revised: 2025-11-01

Accepted: 2025-11-23

Published in Issue 2026-03-31

Copyright (c) 2026 Fatemeh Almasi, Nooshin Abbasi, Shahram Taghipour (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Almasi, F., Abbasi, N., & Taghipour, S. (2026). Deciphering the Hidden Geometry of the Hasht Behesht Palace Plan (Isfahan): An Analytical Study Based on the Square-Growth System. Creative City Design, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.57647/ccd.2026.0901.04
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Abstract

Aims: Architectural design in every era relies on precisely planned geometry to achieve compositional unity. In Iran, the Safavid dynasty emphasized geometric principles and proportional systems, embedding them into architectural layouts. Hasht Behesht Palace in Isfahan, the only remaining Safavid palace, features a unique plan that diverges from its contemporaries. Its design logic remains unexplored. To date, no specific research has been conducted to decode the concealed geometric system underlying the palace’s planimetric. This study is essential to uncover the architectural principles governing the palace’s planimetric organization and to investigate the relationship between theoretical geometry and Safavid-era architecture. This study explores the geometric framework of the palace to demonstrate how its Planimetric order is structured through a system of geometric proportions, the square-growth system. After introducing the organizing principles, it conducts a planimetric analysis of the palace to reveal the underlying logic of its geometric composition.

Methodology: The research adopts a historical-analytical approach, integrating literature review, historical maps, field observations, and planimetric analysis using AutoCAD. The study examines the spatial logic of the palace plan through the 1:√2 proportional system.

Finding: The findings demonstrate that the palace plan is organized using a square-growth system based on concentric squares and the recurrent 1:√2 ratio. These findings confirm that the palace's planimetric divisions, including the central hall and porticos, resulted from conscious design and geometric reasoning, establishing geometry as a fundamental organizing principle in Safavid architecture.

Conclusion: This insight deepens understanding of how mathematical precision informed the architectural structure and Planimetric order of the Safavid era.

Keywords

  • Geometric System,
  • Proportions,
  • Square Growth,
  • Physical Structure,
  • Hasht Behesht Palace (Isfahan)
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