OICC Press Trends in Phytochemical Research 2588-3631 9 1 (April 2025) 2025 04 30 Comparative study of phytochemical composition, oral toxicity, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of both Aloe vera and Aloe vacillans (Asphodelaceae family) flowers extract: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies 1 22 10.71596/tpr.2025.1195834 EN Asma Mohsan Mohammed Al-Wajih Pharmacognosy Department, University of Sana’a, Pharmacy College, Sana’a, Yemen Amina El-Shaibany Pharmacognosy Department, University of Sana’a, Pharmacy College, Sana’a, Yemen Mahmoud Mahyoob Alburyhi Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Pharmacy College, University of Sana’a, Sana’a, Yemen Ahmed S. Abdelkhalek Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt Mahmoud M. Elaasser The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, 11787 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt Ali E. Raslan Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt Journal Article 2025 04 30 The research study aimed to compare the chemical composition, acute toxicity, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of extracts from Aloe vera and Aloe vacillans flowers. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 79 components in the n-hexane fraction of A. vera flowers (AVeFHF). The toxicity study indicated no mortality or morbidity at the tested concentrations for any of the mice treated with the investigated extracts. A. vera flowers methanolic extract (AVeFME) exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activity. AVeFME demonstrated significant anticancer efficacy against HCT-116, Caco-2, A-549, and RD cell lines, with IC50 values of 14.0, 14.6, 12.0, and 14.7 µg/mL, respectively. AVeFHF exhibited moderate anticancer activity against HCT-116, A-549, and RD cell lines. Histological examination revealed substantial morphological changes consistent with the apoptotic mechanism of action. The molecular docking study provided insights into the binding modes of the identified compounds with EGFR and PARP-1 enzymes.