OICC Press Trends in Phytochemical Research 2588-3631 2 3 2018 09 01 Study of the antileukemic activity of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. ethanolic extract and fractions 127 134 EN Gabriele Taumaturgo Mororó Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brasil José Roberto de Oliveira Ferreira Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brasil Michel Mualén de Morais Alves Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brasil Nayana Bruna Nery Monção Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brasil Laís Campos Teixeira de Carvalho-Gonçalves Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brasil Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brasil Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, Laboratório de Cancerologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brasil Fernando Aécio de Amorim Carvalho Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brasil Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina-PI, Brasil Journal Article 2018 09 01 Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. is a native plant to northeastern Brazil, traditionally used in folk medicine, with several pharmacological activities reported including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. The present study evaluated the antileukemic potential of M. caesalpiniifolia Benth. ethanolic extract (EtOH) and its n-hexanic (HexF) and dichloromethane (DCMF) fractions. Previous analysis by our team revealed the constituents of high relative abundance in EtOH, HexF, and DCMF, like phytol (11.7%), lupeol (14.7%), and betulinic acid (70.3%), respectively. In the MTT cell viability test, EtOH, HexF, and DCMF induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in human chronic myeloid cells (K562), with IC50 of 153.6 ± 0.1, 118.40 ± 0.2, and 40.0 ± 0.1 μg/mL, respectively (p <0.05). Additionally, DCMF (6-800 μg/mL) presented minor toxicity against normal human erythrocytes and murine macrophage cells. DCMF induced similar antileukemic effects (IC50=64.2 ± 5.0 μg/mL) against human acute myeloid cells (HL-60). However, it did not exert antitumor activity on murine sarcoma (S180) cells (p >0.05).