OICC Press Progress in Biomaterials 2194-0517 6 3 (September 2017) 2017 09 01 Formulation, physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of human insulin-loaded microspheres as potential oral carrier 10.1007/s40204-017-0072-z EN Gauravkumar R. Agrawal Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, IN Pravin Wakte Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, IN Santosh Shelke Department of Pharmaceutics, Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431134, IN Journal Article 2017 09 01 Abstract The objective of the present investigation was to formulate and characterize the human insulin entrapped Eudragit S100 microspheres containing protease inhibitors and to develop an optimized formulation with desirable features. A w/o/w multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique was employed to produce microspheres of human insulin using Eudragit S-100 as coating material and polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer. The resultant microspheres were evaluated for drug-excipient compatibility, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, micromeritic properties, enteric nature, and in vitro drug release studies. Micromeritic properties indicated good flow properties and compressibility. In present investigation formulation F6 with drug/polymer ratio (1:100) was found to be optimal in terms of evaluated parameters where it showed a significantly higher percentage of encapsulation efficiency (76.84%) with minimal drug release (3.25%) in an acidic environment. The optimized formulation (F6) also possessed good spherical shape and particle size (57.42 µm) required to achieve the desired in vitro drug release profile at pH 7.4. The results confirmed that human insulin-loaded Eudragit S-100 microspheres containing protease inhibitor possessed good encapsulation efficiency, pH dependant controlled release carrying encapsulated insulin to its optimum site of absorption. This ultimately resulted in enhanced insulin absorption and biological response. Graphical Abstract