OICC Press Progress in Biomaterials 2194-0517 4 1 (March 2015) 2014 12 17 Assessment of injectable and cohesive nanohydroxyapatite composites for biological functions 10.1007/s40204-014-0034-7 EN Sai Santosh Babu Komakula CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, IN Snehal Raut CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, IN Nitin Pratap Verma CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, 831 007, IN T. Avinash Raj CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, IN Mahesh J. Kumar CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, IN Arvind Sinha CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, 831 007, IN Shashi Singh CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, IN Journal Article 2014 12 17 Abstract Pressing need for utilization of injectables/fillers in various forms of orthopaedic treatments/surgeries commands an equal demand for better graft material. Injectable bone graft material based on biomimetically synthesized nanohydroxyapatite was developed and subjected to ball milling for different times; three materials thus produced were evaluated for their biological properties. The three composites tested were found to have some difference in proliferation and differentiation on mesenchymal stem cells in cultures. In vivo studies were performed by implanting the graft materials with or without cells in the bone drill hole injury created in the femur of Wistar rats. Our studies show that the composites lead to well-healed injury site with normal histology without inflammation or fibrous tissue formation and bone deformity. This material needs to be tested on large animals for further ascertaining its applicability in clinical use.