OICC Press Progress in Biomaterials 2194-0517 4 1 (March 2015) 2014 12 06 Magnesium corrosion particles do not interfere with the immune function of primary human and murine macrophages 10.1007/s40204-014-0032-9 EN Isabelle Roth Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, 30559, DE Elanco Animal Health, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, 61352, DE Stephan Schumacher Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, 30559, DE Tina Basler Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, 30559, DE Kathrin Baumert Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Clinic for Dermatology, Allergy and Venereology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, DE Jan-Marten Seitz Institute of Materials Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30823, DE Florian Evertz Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, DE Peter Paul Müller Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, 38124, DE Wolfgang Bäumer MBS Department, NCSU College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, US Manfred Kietzmann Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, 30559, DE Journal Article 2014 12 06 Abstract Magnesium is currently under investigation as a prospective biodegradable implant material. Biodegradation of magnesium causes a release of magnesium, hydroxide ions and hydrogen gas but it can also lead to the formation of particulate debris. Implant-derived particles may have immunotoxic effects. To investigate the influence of magnesium-derived particles on the immune functions of primary macrophages, up to 500 μg/ml magnesium or magnesium corrosion particles were added to the cell culture medium. No major effects were observed on cell viability and on the release of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α. In addition, the ability of macrophages to stimulate proliferation of allogenic lymphocytes in a mixed leukocyte reaction remained unaffected. When macrophages were incubated with magnesium particles and then infected with the apathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis , infection-induced TNFα secretion from murine macrophages was inhibited but not from human macrophages. However, the bactericidal activity of either cell type was not influenced. In conclusion, magnesium-related particles did not restrict the immune function of macrophages, suggesting that magnesium implants and corrosion particles derived thereof are highly biocompatible and have a low inflammatory potential.