OICC Press Progress in Biomaterials 2194-0517 10 2 (June 2021) 2021 06 24 In-vitro cellular and in-vivo investigation of ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate loaded gelatin/sodium alginate injectable hydrogels for urinary incontinence treatment 10.1007/s40204-021-00160-9 EN Hessam Rezaei Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Azadeh Asefnejad Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Morteza Daliri-Joupari National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, IR Sedigheh Joughehdoust Department of Urology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, NL Faculty of Science and Engineering, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Maastricht University, Geleen, NL Journal Article 2021 06 24 Abstract Urinary incontinence is one of the most common disorders especially in adult women. In this study, cellular and in-vivo analyses were performed on (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and CaCl 2 cross-linked alginate and gelatin hydrogels containing β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid to evaluate the regenerative potential as injectable compression agents for the treatment of urinary incontinence. The hydrogels were prepared with different percentages of components and were named as GA1 (7.2% w/v gelatin, 6% w/v sodium alginate, 0.5:1w/w GPTMS, CaCl 2 1% (wt) sodium alginate, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 1.5 mg/mL β-glycerophosphate), GA2 (10% w/v gelatin, 8.5% w/v sodium alginate, 0.5:1 w/w GPTMS, CaCl 2 1% (wt) sodium alginate, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 1.5 mg/mL β-glycerophosphate), and GA3 (10% (w/v) gelatin, 8.5% w/v sodium alginate, 1:1 w/w GPTMS, CaCl 2 1% (wt) sodium alginate, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 1.5 mg/mL β-glycerophosphate) hydrogels. The results of cell studies showed that although all three samples supported cell adhesion and survival, the cellular behavior of the GA2 sample was better than the other samples. Animal tests were performed on the optimal GA2 sample, which showed that this hydrogel repaired the misfunction tissue in a rat model within 4 weeks and the molecular layer thickness was reached the normal tissue after this duration. It seems that these hydrogels, especially GA2 sample containing 10% (w/v) gelatin, 8.5% (w/v) sodium alginate, 0.5:1 (w/w) GPTMS, CaCl 2 1% (wt) sodium alginate, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, and 1.5 mg/mL β-glycerophosphate, can act as an injetable hydrogel for urinary incontinence treatment without the need for repeating the injection.