OICC Press Progress in Biomaterials 2194-0517 10 1 (March 2021) 2021 03 08 Promotion of nerve regeneration by biodegradable nanofibrous scaffold following sciatic nerve transection in rats 10.1007/s40204-021-00151-w EN Farshad Moharrami Kasmaie Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Fatemeh Zamani Hazrat-E Masoumeh University, Qom, 3736175514, IR Sara Sayad-Fathi Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Arash Zaminy Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Journal Article 2021 03 08 Abstract Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are one of the common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide. Autograft is considered the gold standard treatment for PNIs. However, due to the complications associated with autografts, other sources are considered as alternatives. Recently, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have received wide attention in the field of tissue engineering. Exogenous tubular constructs with uniaxially aligned topographical cues to enhance the axonal re-growth are needed to bridge large nerve gaps between proximal and distal ends. Although several studies have used PLGA/PCL, but few studies have been conducted on developing a two-layer scaffold with aligned fibers properly orientated along the axis direction of the sciatic nerve to meet the physical properties required for suturing, transplantation, and nerve regeneration. In this study, we sought to design and develop PLGA-PCL-aligned nanofibers. Following the conventional examinations, we implanted the scaffolds into 7-mm sciatic nerve gaps in a rat model of nerve injury. Our in vivo evaluations did not show any adverse effects, and after eight weeks, an acceptable improvement was noted in the electrophysiological, functional, and histological analyses. Thus, it can be concluded that nanofiber scaffolds can be used as a reliable approach for repairing PNIs. However, further research is warranted.