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<Article>
<Journal>
<PublisherName>OICC Press</PublisherName>
<JournalTitle>Mathematical Sciences</JournalTitle>
<Issn>2251-7456</Issn>
<Volume>19</Volume>
<Issue>4 (December 2025)</Issue>
<PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
<Year>2025</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</PubDate>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>A Two-Parameter Ridge Estimators Approach to Mitigate Multicollinearity: Simulation and Application Results</ArticleTitle>
<VernacularTitle></VernacularTitle>
<FirstPage></FirstPage>
<LastPage></LastPage>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.57647/mathsci.2025.1904.16877</ELocationID>
<Language>EN</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
<FirstName>Muhammad</FirstName>
<LastName>Haseeb</LastName>
<Affiliation>Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3401-0037</Identifier>
</Author>
<Author>
<FirstName>Muhammad Yousaf</FirstName>
<LastName>Shad</LastName>
<Affiliation>Department of Statistics, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID"></Identifier>
</Author>
<Author>
<FirstName>Ali Rashash R</FirstName>
<LastName>Alzahrani</LastName>
<Affiliation>Mathematics Department, Faculty of Sciences,Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-8843</Identifier>
</Author>
<Author>
<FirstName>Asma Ahmad</FirstName>
<LastName>Alzahrani</LastName>
<Affiliation>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabi</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID"></Identifier>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
<History>
<PubDate PubStatus="received">
<Year>2025</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</PubDate>
</History>
<Abstract>Multicollinearity in regression analysis arises when predictor variables are highly correlated, making it difficult to accurately estimate regression coefficients. This issue can distort model interpretations and inflate coefficient variances, making estimates sensitive to small data changes. To address this issue, several ridge estimators have been developed in the past to reduce the effect of multicollinearity and improve the model stability. To overcome the negative affect of multicollinearity, we introduce three newly proposed two-parameter ridge estimators, named HITPR1, HITPR2, and HITPR3, which dynamically adjust the ridge parameter for different multicollinearity structures. We evaluate the performance of these proposed estimators through a comprehensive simulation study and employing Mean Squared Error (MSE) criterion. The numerical results show that HITPR1 estimator performs better with higher efficiency and lower MSE, outperforming the other estimators in different settings. To further investigate the performance and applicability of the newly proposed estimators, two real-world datasets, have been utilized. </Abstract>
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<Param Name="value">Regression analysis</Param>
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<Object Type="keyword">
<Param Name="value">Multicollinearity issues</Param>
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<Object Type="keyword">
<Param Name="value">Ridge regression methods</Param>
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<Object Type="keyword">
<Param Name="value">Mean squared error evaluation</Param>
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<Object Type="keyword">
<Param Name="value">Monte Carlo simulation studies</Param>
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</Article>
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