OICC Press Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics 2251-7235 18 2024 06 15 Synthesis of two-phase TiO2 nanoparticles via in-situ one-step process for photocatalytic applications 10.57647/j.jtap.2024.si-AICIS23.02 EN Rasha Jameel Neama Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Firas K. Mohamad Alosfur Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Noor J. Ridha Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Khawla J. Tahir Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Rajaa A. Madlol Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq Journal Article 2024 06 15 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a simple sol-gel technique. The prepared sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The results showed that the prepared TiO2 NPs have agglomerated spherical shapes with anatase and rutile phases, TiO2 consists of Ti 2p and O 1s regions. The average anatase and rutile TiO2 crystallite size were estimated to be 32.38 nm and 37.37 nm, respectively. The BET result showed that TiO2 had a surface area of 33.36 m2 g−1. Doses of different TiO2 nanoparticles (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg) were used to study the photocatalyst degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light. The dose of 15 mg was the optimal dose to degrade 68.39% of the dye within two hours.