OICC Press Journal of Theoretical and Applied Physics 2251-7235 7 1 2023 11 17 Nonstandard Lagrangian cosmology 10.1186/2251-7235-7-58 EN OICC Press Authors Various OICC Press Authors Journal Article 2023 11 17 AbstractWe show that many independent scenarios as the ‘accelerated expansion of the universe’, ‘eternal inflation’, ‘eternally oscillating universe’, ‘nonsingular oscillating universe’, and ‘collapse of an oscillating universe’ may occur without modifying the gravity theory or introducing scalar fields of any type. This is achieved by replacing the standard Lagrangian in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime model by an exponentially nonstandard Lagrangian which modify the Euler-Lagrange equation although the standard variational approach is used.PACS45.20.Jj; 98.80.-k