OICC Press Journal of Rangeland Science 2423-642X 9 4 2024 01 30 Effects of Sowing Season and Method on Seedling Emergence and Survivor Rate of Vicia variabilis in Kermanshah Province, Iran EN Mohammad Gheitury Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Research, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0001-9736-1256 Mosayeb Heshmati Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Research, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0003-3703-395X Mohammad Fayaz Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5643-9763 Yahya Parvizi Associate Professor, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0002-1562-1008 Academic Member, Natural Resources Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0003-1314-9886 Hoshmand Safari Academic Member, Natural Resources Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0003-1314-9886 Journal Article 2024 01 30 Rangelands are the main source of forage production whose degradation is being accelerated due to improper utilities. Furthermore, re-vegetation of palatable plants like Vicia variabilis is more limited in overgrazed rangelands. The objective of this study was to improve degraded rangelands in Meleh-Kabud (Kermanshah, Iran) through planting Vicia variabilis. The research was conducted at experimental plot scale using split plot comprising treatments of season and method cultivations. Treatments included Planting time and methods with three replications with seeds collected in the study area. Seeding seasons comprised early spring and early autumn, but seeding methods were row seed sowing and broadcast seeding. Data collection was carried out for sprouting and establishment during two years. Rate of shooting appearance was evaluated in the first year (2016), while plant survival rate assessed in the second year (2017). Results indicated planting seasons affect both shooting and survival rates for Vicia variabilis. Furthermore, early spring season was found more suitable. Shooting and survival rates through row seed sowing were 20.00 and 13.83%, respectively. In contrast, these respective rates via broadcast seeding were reduced to 2.67 and 1.17 percent. We concluded that row sowing in early spring was the optimal method for rangelands in Kermanshah province.