OICC Press Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry 2193-8865 12 6 (December 2022) 2021 10 11 The impact of ZrO2/SiO2 and ZrO2/SiO2@PANI nanofluid on the performance of pulsating heat pipe, an experimental study 10.1007/s40097-021-00451-4 EN Seyed Masoud Hashemi Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, IR Ali Maleki Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, IR Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IR Journal Article 2021 10 11 Abstract The improvement of the efficiency of heat exchangers has always been one of the most critical concerns of industry. Pulsating heat pipes are a new and high-efficiency technology in the field of heat transfer. Pulsating heat pipes are widely used in solar water heaters, solar water desalination systems, etc. In this study, the effect of different nanofluids on the performance of heat pipes was investigated. ZrO 2 /SiO 2 nanocomposites were tested under functionalized and non-functionalized states in a pulsating heat pipe. For this purpose, the heat pipe was charged with each nanofluid at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g L −1 , and the thermal resistance of the pipe was compared as an output parameter. The thermal resistance for different nanofluids was defined and compared at different input powers of the evaporator and a constant filling ratio of 50%. The obtained results showed that nanofluids as a working fluid could improve the heat transfer of pulsating heat pipe compared to the working fluid of water and reduce the thermal resistance. The nanofluid with a concentration of 0.25 g L −1 exhibited the best performance. In this case, the resistance of pulsating heat pipe at some fluxes was decreased up to 48%. Graphic abstract