OICC Press Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry 2193-8865 12 5 (October 2022) 2021 09 04 Layered graphitic carbon nitride: nano-heterostructures, photo/electro-chemical performance and trends 10.1007/s40097-021-00442-5 EN Xiao Zhang Energy and Chemical Engineering, WA School of Mines: Minerals, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, AU Xiaoran Zhang Energy and Chemical Engineering, WA School of Mines: Minerals, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, AU Ping Yang School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, CN San Ping Jiang Energy and Chemical Engineering, WA School of Mines: Minerals, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, AU Journal Article 2021 09 04 Abstract As an organic semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanosheets have been developed into a highly active photocatalyst for H 2 O splitting generating H 2 under visible light irradiation condition and for reduction of CO 2 . The photo/electro-chemical performances are dependent on the porous structure, morphology, thickness, and crystallinity of the materials. Construction of g-C 3 N 4 heterojunctions can be vital in enhancing catalytic performances. Instead of focusing on the photocatalysis of g-C 3 N 4 (as in other reviews), this review aims to focus on the photo- and electro-chemical as well as photoluminescence (PL) properties of layered g-C 3 N 4 nanostructured materials with various morphologies. Latest progress in chemical synthesis and engineering of g-C 3 N 4 homo- and hetero-structures are summarized in this review, including exploring (i) the relationship between morphology, composition, crystallinity and thickness of the material; (ii) the construction of homo-/hetero-structures and their band gaps; (iii) photo-/electro-chemical performances; (iv) the possible applications and trends of graphitic carbon nitride materials. The electro-catalytic performance and photoluminescence property of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets for applications in electrocatalysis and emitting devices are discussed. A variety of versatile properties of g-C 3 N 4 nanomaterials have been constantly discovered recent years. The property evolution and invigorating perspectives on major challenges of layered graphitic carbon nitride are also concluded.