10.1007/s40097-020-00364-8

Single-step fabrication of Na-TUD-1 novel heterogeneous base nano-catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reaction

  • Badria M. Al-Shehri1,
  • Mohamed R. Shabaan2,
  • Mohd. Shkir3,
  • Ajeet Kaushik4,
  • Mohamed S. Hamdy*5,
  1. Catalysis Research Group (CRG), Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, SA Chemistry Department, College of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SA
  2. Chemistry Department, College of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SA
  3. Advanced Functional Materials and Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, SA
  4. NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art and Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805, US
  5. Catalysis Research Group (CRG), Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, SA

Published in Issue 07-11-2020

How to Cite

Al-Shehri, B. M., Shabaan, M. R., Shkir, M., Kaushik, A., & Hamdy, M. S. (2020). Single-step fabrication of Na-TUD-1 novel heterogeneous base nano-catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 11(2 (June 2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-020-00364-8
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Abstract

Abstract This research, for the first time, reports the design and development of a heterogeneous nano-catalyst based on sodium ions (Na + ) incorporation in Technical University of Delft (TUD-1) mesoporous silica for Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Facile one-step fabrication of Na-TUD-1 nano-catalysts (varying Si/Na ratio as 100–5) was demonstrated using the sol–gel route. The catalytic performance of Na-TUD-1 was evaluated as a base heterogeneous catalyst in Knoevenagel condensation reaction, which took place under conventional and microwave irradiations conditions using ethanol as a solvent. Na-TUD-1 exhibited superior catalytic activity in comparison to available homogeneous base catalysts such as sodium ethoxide. The Na-TUD-1 nano-catalyst demonstrated identical performance till the fourth run along with high stability and negligible leaching of Na. Moreover, the use of microwave heating reduced the reaction time from 240 to 20 min only with a TOF of 0.58 min −1 . Such excellent performance of Na-TUD-1 heterogeneous nano-catalysts will certainly increase its industrial acceptability to achieve affordable and efficient waste-effluent treatments.

Keywords

  • Na-TUD-1,
  • Knoevenagel condensation,
  • Microwave,
  • Conventional heating,
  • Base catalyst

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