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<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
<PublisherName>OICC Press</PublisherName>
<JournalTitle>Journal of Education Experiences</JournalTitle>
<Issn>3060-6535</Issn>
<Volume>7</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
<Year>2025</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>11</Day>
</PubDate>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>The effectiveness of Problem-Solving Training on EFL Learners&amp;rsquo; positive orientation and language teacher immunity</ArticleTitle>
<VernacularTitle></VernacularTitle>
<FirstPage>66</FirstPage>
<LastPage>76</LastPage>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.71922/jee.2025.991544</ELocationID>
<Language>EN</Language>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
<FirstName>Abozar</FirstName>
<LastName>Aghaei</LastName>
<Affiliation>Ph.D. candidate of TEFL, department of English language teaching, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad university, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID"></Identifier>
</Author>
<Author>
<FirstName>Mohammad </FirstName>
<LastName>Rostampour</LastName>
<Affiliation>Assistant professor of TEFL, Department of English Language Teaching, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID"></Identifier>
</Author>
<Author>
<FirstName>Hajar</FirstName>
<LastName>Aghaei</LastName>
<Affiliation>Ph.D. student in psychology, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.</Affiliation>
<Identifier Source="ORCID"></Identifier>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
<History>
<PubDate PubStatus="received">
<Year>2025</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>11</Day>
</PubDate>
</History>
<Abstract>This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of problem-solving training on EFL learners&amp;rsquo; positive orientation and language teacher immunity. This study was quasi-experimental research and pre-test and post-test design and performed on 20 EFL learners and 2 English language teachers at Shahid Motahari high school in Farrashband. They were randomly divided in 2 groups (11 in control group and 11 in experimental group). The researcher used three instruments: problem-solving training protocol (D'Zurilla &amp;amp; Coldfried, 1971), positive orientation (Caprara et al., 2012) and questionnaire and language teacher immunity questionnaire (Hiver, 2017). In the present study, the experimental group received eight sessions of problem-solving training twice a week for 120 minutes while the control group received none. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance presented that problem-solving training significantly increased the scores of EFL learners&amp;rsquo; positive orientation and language teacher immunity (P˂0/001). Therefore, it can be said that problem-solving training affects EFL learners&amp;rsquo; positive orientation and language teacher immunity.</Abstract>
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<Object Type="keyword">
<Param Name="value">EFL learners</Param>
</Object>
<Object Type="keyword">
<Param Name="value">language teacher immunity</Param>
</Object>
<Object Type="keyword">
<Param Name="value">positive orientation</Param>
</Object>
<Object Type="keyword">
<Param Name="value">problem-solving training</Param>
</Object>
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</Article>
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