TY - EJOUR
AU - Hir, Zul Adlan Mohd
AU - Mokhtar, Hamizah
AU - Rafaie, Hartini Ahmad
AU - Daud, Shaari
AU - Shohaimi, Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd
AU - Alam, Nik Muhammad Farhan Hakim Nik Badrul
PY - 2024
DA - May
TI - Efficient photodegradation of paracetamol by TiO2/ZnO photocatalyst and prediction via Fuzzy Inference System
T2 - Iranian Journal of Catalysis
VL - 14
L1 - https://oiccpress.com/iranian-journal-of-catalysis/article/efficient-photodegradation-of-paracetamol-by-tio2-zno-photocatalyst-and-prediction-via-fuzzy-inference-system/
DO - 10.57647/j.ijc.2024.1402.13
N2 -   A facile chemical mixing approach was used to prepare TiO2/ZnO photocatalystswith different mass ratios. The photodegradation activity was tested against paracetamol in an aqueous phase assisted by low UVC-light intensity (9 W). TiO2/ZnO particles mainly exhibited irregular shapes with uniform distributions and high crystallinity degree, the primary oxidation state in the structure is titanium Ti4+ of anatase TiO2 (459.2 and 464.9 eV), and the presence of standard chemical state of Zn2+ (1021.9 and 1044.9 eV). The composite with a 1:5 mass ratio displayed a rapid and outstanding degradation percentage of 95% and a rate of 1.83 × 10-2 min-1. The best photocatalyst can be recycled up to five times towards paracetamol degradation without any regeneration step or severe deactivation. A Fuzzy inference system (FIS) was computed for the first time to investigate the relationship between the TiO2/ZnO ratio, degradation percentage, and rate constant. The optimal concentration of 9 mg/L was obtained, whereby the degradation percentage and rate were sufficiently maintained above 90% and 0.19 mg/L.min, respectively. Using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in this work enables future guidance and prediction for developing the best TiO2/ZnO photocatalysts for real-world water remediation processes. Highlights   1.      Facile preparation of TiO2/ZnO composite photocatalyst via simple mixing for degradation of paracetamol under low UVC light intensity (9 W).   2.      TiO2/ZnO particles are mostly exhibited irregular shapes with uniform distributions and high crystallinity degree, the main oxidation state in the structure is titanium Ti4+ of anatase TiO2 (459.2 and 464.9 eV), and the presence of standard chemical state of Zn2+ (1021.9 and 1044.9 eV).   3.      TiO2/ZnO (1:5) displayed a rapid and outstanding degradation percentage of 95% and rate of 1.83 × 10-2 min-1, in accordance with pseudo first-order kinetics.   4.      The optimal concentration of 9 mg/L was computed by the prediction using fuzzy inference system (FIS) for the first time, whereby the degradation percentage and rate were sufficiently maintained above 90% and 0.19 mg/L.min, respectively.   5.      The stability of TiO2/ZnO composite photocatalyst towards paracetamol degradation was retained up to 5 cycles, without undergo any regeneration procedure.    
IS - 2
PB - OICC Press
KW - Photodegradation, Titanium dioxide, Paracetamol, Zinc oxide, Fuzzy inference system, Water remediation 
EN -