Purpose This study aimed to achieve successful composting and aeration rate and to optimize the carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio to provide favourable conditions for the process. In the current experiment, investigation were made on variations in physico–chemical properties, i.e., temperature, ammonia and carbon dioxide emissions, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM) and seed germination index […]
Purpose: Utilization of waste oil palm empty fruit bunches as an ameliorant in the form of biochar enriched with chicken manure and urea fertilizer to increase the fertility of immature (seedling) oil palm planted on peat soil which has poor soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Methods: Biochar material, namely empty fruit bunches, was subjected […]
Purpose Due to the pressures of conforming to environmental quality standards and the increased costs of mineral fertilizer importation, there is growing interest in the use of organic residues as fertilizers. To test the hypothesis that indicates the quantity of animal manure (AM) depends on the phosphorus (P) needs of the crops, an experiment was […]
