OICC Press International Nano Letters 2228-5326 7 4 (December 2017) 2017 11 25 In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of nanoparticles 10.1007/s40089-017-0221-3 EN Vinay Kumar Lab No. 117, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, IN Neha Sharma Arbro Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 110015, IN S. S. Maitra Lab No. 117, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, IN Journal Article 2017 11 25 Abstract Nanotechnology has revolutionized gene therapy, diagnostics and environmental remediation. Their bulk production, uses and disposal have posed threat to the environment. With the appearance of these nanoparticles in the environment, their toxicity assessment is an immediate concern. This review is an attempt to summarize the major techniques used in cytotoxity determination. The review also presents a detailed and elaborative discussion on the toxicity imposed by different types of nanoparticles including carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, quantum dots, fullerenes, aluminium nanoparticles, zinc nanoparticles, iron nanoparticles, titanium nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles. It discusses the in vitro and in vivo toxological effects of nanoparticles on bacteria, microalgae, zebrafish, crustacean, fish, rat, mouse, pig, guinea pig, human cell lines and human. It also discusses toxological effects on organs such as liver, kidney, spleen, sperm, neural tissues, liver lysosomes, spleen macrophages, glioblastoma cells, hematoma cells and various mammalian cell lines. It provides information about the effects of nanoparticles on the gene-expression, growth and reproduction of the organisms.