International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture
type: channel
description: Journal DOI: 10.57647/IJROWA Journal Abbreviation: Int. J. Recycl. Org. Waste Agric. Journal Title Acronym: IJROWA Owner organisation: Islamic Azad University-Isfahan Branch Publisher: Islamic Azad University-Isfahan Branch, Co-publishing, OICC Press, UK The IJROWA Journal has been indexed in the well-known world databases mainly; Scopus (CiteScore (2023) = 2.1), Scimago Journal Rank (Q2), Web of Science Journal Impact Factor (JCR): 2023, IF = 1.2. All submitted manuscripts are checked for similarity through a trustworthy software such as iThenticate to be assured about its originality and then rigorously peer-reviewed by the international reviewers. IJROWA is a quarterly journal published by the Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch. The journal requires payment of Article Processing Charges (APCs) upon article acceptance to cover publication costs. The journal publishes high-quality review articles in all areas of recycling of organic waste including: Solid waste reuse in agriculture Waste water reuse in agriculture Utilization of organic wastes: composting Ways to reduce, reuse and recycle organic waste Social and economic impact of reduction, reuse and recycling of organic waste in agriculture Methods to raise the public awareness of recycling and reuse of organic waste in agriculture Organic waste utilization in animal and poultry nutrition Urban food waste composting Agricultural crop residues for wastewater treatment The IJROWA highlights research that supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). From boosting soil fertility with organic waste (SDG 2: Zero Hunger) to cutting waste in agriculture (SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production), we demonstrate innovations that drive sustainability in food systems and the environment. Website: https://oiccpress.com/ijrowa Publisher: OICC Press Latest News: We would like to inform all authors and contributors that, effective 1st November 2025, an Article Processing Charge (APC) will apply to all new subm…
publisher: OICC Press
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture
issn: 2195-3228
items: Yield and Profit Improvement of Maize Utilizing Optimal Planting Density and Rice-Husk Waste as Effective Silicon Fertilizer
items: Comparison of Vertical and Horizontal Composting Reactors for Co-treatment of MSW and Sewage Sludge
items: A comparative study of biochar production from temple floral waste and coriander stems
items: Development of sustainable biomaterials composites from waste materials (spent mushroom compost, garlic shell, and water hyacinth) with edible mushroom mycelium-based
items: Utilizing swine wastewater for sustainable fertilization of tree
items: Neem, mahua and sesame seed cakes, and tamarind husk powder on improving nitrogen-use efficiency in rice
items: The effect of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) and biofertilizer application on rice growth and yield in a paddy field
items: The Effectiveness of Biochar as a Mulch for Weed Control and Soil Moisture Retention in Strawberry Cultivation
items: Response of corn to potassic organomineral fertilizer in an Oxisol
items: Digestate: Scope and Application as Nitrogen Fertilizer for Rice
items: Vermicomposting for Sustainable Soil Health in SubSaharan Africa Focusing on Ethiopia: Opportunities, Adoption Barriers, and Policy Pathways
items: The Impact of Lignocellulosic Wastes and Industrial by-Products on Some Chemical Properties of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula Edodes)
items: Vegetative Indices for Evaluation of the Agronomic Performance of Black oats Irrigated with Slaughterhouse Effluent
items: Parthenium Hysterophorus: An Invasive Weed for Nutritional Enrichment of Vermicompost
items: Application of Biochar and Impacts on Corn (Zea Mays L.) Agronomic Development and Nutrient Availability in Soil Under Tropical Climate
items: Equine Dung as an Organic Nitrogen Supplement in Compost Formulation for Cultivation of White Button Mushroom [Agaricus Bisporus J.E. Lange (Imbach)]
items: Coffee Innovation and Sustainability–Organomineral Fertilizers Noteworthy Results
items: Release of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium from Filter Cake, Filter Cake Biochar, and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in a Laboratory Study
items: Effect of mineral liquid organic fertilizer on soil and morphological/physiological parameters in ICA Cerinza bean cultivation until flowering stage
items: Phytotechnical performance of leafy vegetables under organic management with fermented agro-industrial composts in Brazil
items: Optimizing yield properties of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plant by integrative application of poultry manure
items: Bioconversion of food waste into compost using rotary drum composter for agricultural utilization
items: Recycling and screening of agricultural wastes to reuse in biofloculated aquaria inhabiting Ctenopharyngodon idella
items: Vermicompost quality of oyster mushroom Baglogs waste and pineapple residue mix
items: The effects of compost application on soil properties: Agricultural and environmental benefits
items: Digestate in paddy soil – methane emission and carbon sequestration
items: Hydrolysates of fish waste as potential plant biostimulants
items: Enhancing agricultural waste bioconversion by Black Soldier Fly larvae through wheat bran supplementation
items: The rise of the worm: Bibliometric insights into the growing significance of vermicomposting for sustainable agriculture and environmental management
items: Comparative characterization of biochar obtained from cow dung and poultry litter

Yield and Profit Improvement of Maize Utilizing Optimal Planting Density and Rice-Husk Waste as Effective Silicon Fertilizer
type: item
description: Purpose: Using silicon fertilizer from rice husk waste and double-narrow row (DNR) plant spacing can increase maize yield. Therefore, the study aimed to improve farmers' productivity and profitability by applying biosilica fertilizer with DNR plant spacing and closing the maize yield gap. Method: The field experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three replications in a 2 × 6 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two plant spatial arrangements: DNR and conventional row (CR) plant spacing; six maize cultivars: Pioneer-27, Bisi-18, NK-22, JH-37, RK-457, and RK-57; and two levels of biosilica fertilizer application in the form of Si-nanoparticles: with and without biosilica fertilizer. We observed the correlation among yield and yield components, yield increase, profitability, and yield gap analysis. Results: The number of seeds per row and the number of leaves per plant both showed the highest estimates of positive correlation and positive direct effect as the dominant characteristic that directly affected the variation of maize grain yield. Application of biosilica fertilizer with DNR plant spacing indicated a significant increase in maize productivity of 0.96 t ha–1 or 9.90% and additional net return gains of USD 183.49 ha–1 compared to CR plant spacing without application of silicon fertilizer. This represents an exploitable yield gap of 21.35% Conclusion: The DNR planting system and the application of biosilica fertilizer from rice husks were consistently more effective than CR spacing without biosilica fertilizer, demonstrating their reliability and potential for increasing maize yields, improving net income, and narrowing the yield gap. Highlights · Double-narrow-row (DNR) was compared to conventional row (CR) plant spacing · Maize yield was 10% higher with DNR plus biosilica fertilizer · Farmers get additional net return gains of USD 183 ha–1 per cycle · There is room for increasing maize productivity by closing exploitable yield gaps · DN…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biosilica fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: Double-narrow row
  topic: keywords
subject: Grain yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Net income
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Yield gap
  topic: keywords
creator: Slameto Slameto
creator: Erythrina Erythrina
creator: Endriani Endriani
creator: Valeriana Darwis
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Slameto Slameto, Erythrina Erythrina, Endriani Endriani, Valeriana Darwis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-17
publication date: 2026-01-17
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18325

Comparison of Vertical and Horizontal Composting Reactors for Co-treatment of MSW and Sewage Sludge
type: item
description: Purpose: This study investigated the co-composting of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge (SS) in lab-scale vertical and horizontal reactors to compare their performance and identify optimal operational parameters for enhanced bio-safety. Method: The study compared the reactor configurations using two distinct aeration flow rates (22 and 66 L·min⁻¹) and two sizes of wood chip bulking agents (10 mm and 20 mm), resulting in eight experimental runs. Results: All eight treatments achieved the required thermophilic temperature (>55 ºC for at least 2 days). However, the Horizontal reactor method resulted in a shorter overall composting period. Notably, the treatment with the lowest aeration rate and largest bulking agent size (AVCCP2: Vertical, 22 L·min⁻¹, 20 mm) achieved the longest sustained thermophilic phase of 7 days. This optimal thermal condition confirmed the complete removal of pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella spp., enteric viruses, and viable helminth eggs) and led to the fastest rate of C/N ratio reduction. Conclusion: The pilots AVCCP2 and AHCCP2 (Horizontal, 22 L·min⁻¹, 20 mm) demonstrated the maximum efficiency, primarily due to their long sustained thermophilic duration. AVCCP2 showed the best performance in terms of sanitization and pathogen control, achieving Class A compost standards and confirming the potential of vertical reactors for real-scale application with enhanced bio-safety. Highlights ● Vertical and horizontal in-vessel co-composting of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge (SS) were comparatively investigated. ● Optimization of aeration rate and bulking agent size was essential for efficient process progression. ● Aerating at a lower rate significantly prolonged the thermophilic phase, ensuring effective pathogen removal. ● A higher reduction rate of the C/N ratio was observed in treatments utilizing the smaller particle size of the bulking agent. ● The increase in pH value was notably greater in the vertical reactors c…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Co-composting
  topic: keywords
subject: Sludge
  topic: keywords
subject: Municipal solid waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Aeration rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature
  topic: keywords
creator: Tahere Taghizade Firozjaee
creator: Hasan Aminirad
creator: Hossein Jalalianei
creator: Farshad Golbabaei Kootenaei
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Tahere Taghizade Firozjaee, Hasan Aminirad, Hossein Jalalianei, Farshad Golbabaei Kootenaei (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-17
publication date: 2026-01-17
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18322

A comparative study of biochar production from temple floral waste and coriander stems
type: item
description: Purpose: This study investigates and compares the efficiency and physicochemical properties of biochar produced from two distinct biomass feedstocks: temple floral waste and coriander stems—and assesses their potential applicability in agricultural systems. Method; Biochar was produced via pyrolysis at 550 °C under oxygen-limited conditions. The samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Germination tests were conducted using Cicer arietinum to assess the effectiveness of the biochars. Results: EDX analysis confirmed the presence of essential macronutrients—carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)—indicating potential as soil enhancers. The maximum biochar yield (57%) was obtained from temple floral waste, whereas coriander stems yielded )49%(. Germination tests revealed that coriander stem biochar promoted seed growth more effectively than floral waste. Conclusion: Both biomass sources are viable for sustainable biochar production; however, coriander stem biochar showed greater potential for enhancing seed germination. The findings highlight the role of unconventional biomass in sustainable waste management and agricultural improvement. Highlights · Comparison of biochar efficiency from temple floral waste and coriander stems. · Both biomasses underwent pyrolysis at 550°C, a process without oxygen. · Physicochemical analysis of biochar from floral & coriander waste revealed macro-nutrients. · Highest biochar yield was achieved using floral waste. · Sustainable waste management & biochar production from temple waste, coriander stems.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biochar
  topic: keywords
subject: Pyrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Temple floral waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Coriander waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Biochar characterization
  topic: keywords
creator: Kalyani A. Motghare
creator: Vivek P. Bhange
creator: Jagdish W. Gabhane
creator: Manju A. Soni
creator: Vivek M. Nanoti
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Kalyani A. Motghare, Vivek P. Bhange, Jagdish W. Gabhane, Manju A. Soni, Vivek M. Nanoti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-17
publication date: 2026-01-17
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18320

Development of sustainable biomaterials composites from waste materials (spent mushroom compost, garlic shell, and water hyacinth) with edible mushroom mycelium-based
type: item
description: Purpose: To evaluate performance and add value of bio-based degradable waste materials of spent mushroom compost cooperate with garlic shell, and water hyacinth with mushroom mycelium-based methods. Method: The Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus polychrous, L. squarrosulus, and Pleurotus sajor-caju were used to study bio-based composites from various formula of waste materials (spent mushroom compost (Agrocybe cylindracea or P. ostreatus), garlic shell, and water hyacinth). Then we selected the best species and the formula of biomaterial composites to prepare pot prototypes. Finally, the biomaterial composite pots were measured physical and mechanical properties. Results: L. squarrosulus exhibited the fastest mycelial growth and highly effective to composed materials. Then, selected further pot prototypes with variation formulation and physical and mechanical properties were presented; density ranged from 0.18−0.22 g cm-3 and water absorption reaching between 172−250% in 24 hr., the absorption increases more gradually, reaching 302%−368% after 168 hr. Variations between formulation, the composites AC-F1 and PO-F1 exhibited superior water absorption. Whereas composites AC-F2 and PO-F2 demonstrated the lowest water absorption. For the compressive strength significant differences between samples prepared with spent mushroom compost from A. cylindracea and P. ostreatus. The spent mushroom compost from P. ostreatus is higher compressive strength, ranging from 385.4−451.5 kPa. In contrast the spent mushroom compost derived from A. cylindracea ranged between 174.9−197.3 kPa. Conclusion: The mycelium-based biodegradable composite produced demonstrates excellent performance and suitability for various applications. As such, they contribute to efficient upcycling and support zero-waste practices.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biomaterial
  topic: keywords
subject: Bio composites
  topic: keywords
subject: Mycelium, Upcycling
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste material
  topic: keywords
creator: Mettaya Kitiwan
creator: Narumon Tangthirasunun
creator: Phacharaphon Tunthawiroon
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Mettaya Kitiwan, Narumon Tangthirasunun, Phacharaphon Tunthawiroon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-17
publication date: 2026-01-17
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18278

Utilizing swine wastewater for sustainable fertilization of tree
type: item
description: Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of swine wastewater (SW) application on soil chemical attributes and the morphometric development of tree seedlings. Method: The experiment was conducted in the environmental area of the Federal University of Paraná, using a completely randomized design with five SW doses: T1: control, T2: 25 m³ ha⁻¹, T3: 50 m³ ha⁻¹, T4: 75 m³ ha⁻¹, and T5: 100 m³ ha⁻¹, with four replicates. The species Luehea divaricata Mart. (Malvaceae) and Cordia americana (L.) Gottschling & J.S.Mill. (Cordiaceae) were evaluated. Soil chemical characteristics and seedling dimensions were evaluated before planting and after 36 months. Results: SW application promoted changes in soil chemical attributes, such as increased acidification, reducing the pH from 4.7 in the control to 4.2 in T5. For Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺, the increase relative to the control was 2.03 cmolc dm⁻³, 1.20 cmolc dm⁻³, and 0.38 cmolc dm⁻³, respectively. For organic carbon (C-org), a reduction was recorded in all treatments. The height growth of Luehea divaricata was equal between T4 and T3; however, these were statistically different from the other treatments. The same occurred with Cordia americana, however, this difference occurred between treatments T3 and T5. Conclusion: The application of SW promoted changes in the soil chemical characteristics and contributed to the growth of both forest species, especially for plants that received doses between 50 and 100 m³/ha⁻¹. HIGHLIGHTS · Swine wastewater application enhances native tree seedling growth. · Swine wastewater improves soil fertility and increases exchangeable cations. · Soil acidification is a potential side effect of swine wastewater application. · The optimal dose of swine wastewater for tree fertilization varies between species. Swine wastewater can be a sustainable fertilizer for forest restoration.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Forest restoration
  topic: keywords
subject: Native species
  topic: keywords
subject: Plant growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Organic fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil fertility
  topic: keywords
creator: Juliano Cordeiro
creator: Gustavo Ferreira Coelho
creator: Robson Fernando Missio
creator: Lucas Rafael Sanches
creator: William dos Santos Piva
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Juliano Cordeiro, Gustavo Ferreira Coelho, Robson Fernando Missio, Lucas Rafael Sanches, William dos Santos Piva (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-17
publication date: 2026-01-17
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2026.18034

Neem, mahua and sesame seed cakes, and tamarind husk powder on improving nitrogen-use efficiency in rice
type: item
description: Purpose: Plant-based by-products are known to improve nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) while minimizing environmental pollution. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to examine the potential for improving the NUE of the rice variety Bg300 grown in reddish brown earth (RBE) soil (Chromic Luvisols) by incorporating urea with plant-based by-products. Method: A field experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with six treatments: the control plot without urea application (C), urea alone (U), urea + neem (UN), urea + mahua (UM), urea + sesame (US), and urea + tamarind (UT). Soil and plant samples were collected at three, five, seven, and nine weeks after broadcasting, that is, at the end of the vegetative growth stage. Results: Rice plants receiving UN had a higher shoot dry weight, shoot N concentration, and shoot N content compared to other treatments (P<0.05). After nine weeks of growth, the NUE of UN and UM was 0.093 and 0.091 g mg⁻¹, respectively, while that of U was 0.078 g mg⁻¹ (P<0.05). Soil N concentration was similar among treatments (P>0.05), except for lower soil N in the control (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of soil amendments, particularly neem seed cake, shows strong potential for improving the growth and NUE of rice cultivated in RBE soil. Highlights · Seedcakes are by-products of agriculture industry · Those may use to improve fertilizer-use efficiency · Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and growth of rice were improved with seedcakes · NUE decreased in the order of neem>mahua>seseme>tamarind
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Nitrification inhibitor
  topic: keywords
subject: Nitrogen-use efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Seed cake
  topic: keywords
subject: Urea
  topic: keywords
creator: Chanthirakumar Thananseyan
creator: Suwini Kumari
creator: Mojith Ariyaratne
creator: Lalith Suriyagoda
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Chanthirakumar Thananseyan, Suwini Kumari, Mojith Ariyaratne, Lalith Suriyagoda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-11
publication date: 2025-11-11
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2026.17962

The effect of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) and biofertilizer application on rice growth and yield in a paddy field
type: item
description: Purpose: Paddy fields in Indonesia have experienced a stagnation in productivity, where increasing fertilizer applications no longer result in higher yields. To address this, various strategies, including ameliorants, have been employed to enhance rice production. This study investigates the potential of biofertilizers to improve the efficiency of inorganic fertilizers, specifically slow-release fertilizers (SRF). The aim is to evaluate the impact of biofertilizer application on rice production when combined with inorganic fertilizers. Method: The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and 3 replications on 5m x 5m plots. The treatments included different combinations of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) and biofertilizers: P1 [SRF NPK 20-10-15 + Zn 0.2]; P2 [SRF NPK 20-10-15 + Cu 0.4 + Fe 0.4]; P3 [SRF NPK 15-15-10 + Cu 0.4 + Fe 0.4]; P4 [SRF NPK 15-15-10]; P5 [SRF NPK 15-15-10 + S 0.4 + Zn 0.2]; and P6-P10, which corresponded to P1-P5 combined with biofertilizer. In the biofertilizer treatments, the inorganic fertilizer dose was reduced to one-third of the original amount. Growth parameters and rice yield were measured. Results: The results showed that applying SRF at 60% of the standard fertilizer rate achieved comparable yields to full-dose conventional applications. Additionally, the integration of biofertilizers allowed for a 70% reduction in SRF usage without compromising rice production. Conclusion: The study shows that combining biofertilizers with SRF allows for a 70% reduction in SRF usage while supporting rice yields, offering an effective and sustainable solution to enhance rice production. Highlights · Slow-release fertilizers (SRF) and biofertilizers effectively maintain rice yield with reduced fertilizer applications. · Biofertilizers contribute to increased nutrient availability through microbial action, promoting sustainable soil health. · Rice yield was sustained with a 70% reduction in SRF when biofe…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inorganic fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: SRF NPK
  topic: keywords
subject: Micronutrients
  topic: keywords
subject: Biofertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: Rice productivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Ghofar
creator: Sih Parmiyatni
creator: Bedah Rupaedah
creator: Mochamad Rosjidi
creator: Anwar Mustafa
creator: Akhmad Jufri
creator: Bonny Agung Wahyuono
creator: Umiati Umiati
creator: Murbantan Tandirerung
creator: Dadang Rosadi
creator: Hens Saputra
creator: Rudy Surya Sitorus
creator: Suwardi Suwardi
creator: Apong Sandrawati
creator: Dyah T. Suryaningtyas
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Abdul Ghofar, Sih Parmiyatni, Bedah Rupaedah, Mochamad Rosjidi, Anwar Mustafa, Akhmad Jufri, Bonny Agung Wahyuono, Umiati Umiati, Murbantan Tandirerung, Dadang Rosadi, Hens Saputra, Rudy Surya Sitorus, Suwardi Suwardi, Apong Sandrawati, Dyah T. Suryaningtyas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-14
publication date: 2025-10-14
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17718

The Effectiveness of Biochar as a Mulch for Weed Control and Soil Moisture Retention in Strawberry Cultivation
type: item
description: Purpose: Weed control and soil moisture retention are critical challenges in plant cultivation requiring effective solutions. This study aims to assess the impact of biochar produced from pine nut shells as a mulch for weed composition, biomass, and soil moisture retention compared to widely used spunbond covering material in strawberry cultivation. Method: The experiment with six weed species was conducted using a growth chamber over two months with sixteen replicates for each of the three treatments: control (no mulch), soil with a 2 cm layer of biochar mulch, and soil with spunbond. Results: In the control treatment, six weed species germinated, whereas only five and three species were observed in the biochar and spunbond treatments, respectively. Both mulching treatments significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the height of grass weeds, stinging nettles, and shepherds’ purse, as well as the mass of dry above-ground and root biomass of shepherds’ purse, rapeseed, and stinging nettle by 52–100%. Spunbond mulch demonstrated superior soil moisture retention overall. However, during the initial three days of a simulated dry period, biochar retained 7% more water compared to spunbond (2%). The application of spunbond mulch completely suppressed the emergence of rapeseed and burdock, while both biochar and spunbond effectively controlled fennel. Both mulching treatments significantly reduced the height of grasses, stinging nettles, and shepherds’ purse by different mechanisms. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; background: white; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Conclusion:<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times N…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mulch
  topic: keywords
subject: Biochar
  topic: keywords
subject: Spunbond
  topic: keywords
subject: Weeds
  topic: keywords
subject: Moisture retention
  topic: keywords
subject: Plant protection
  topic: keywords
creator: Konstantin Olegovich Ponomarev
creator: Arina Nikolaevna Pervushina
creator: Alina Aleksandrovna Dryagina
creator: Darya Sergeevna Krasnova
creator: Roman Borisovich Tabakaev
creator: Ilya Aleksandrovich Zhovanik
creator: Alexander Sergeevich Petuhov
creator: Gulnoz Akhmedovna Hisamutdinova
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Konstantin Olegovich Ponomarev, Arina Nikolaevna Pervushina, Alina Aleksandrovna Dryagina, Darya Sergeevna Krasnova, Roman Borisovich Tabakaev, Ilya Aleksandrovich Zhovanik, Alexander Sergeevich Petuhov, Gulnoz Akhmedovna Khisamutdinova (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17554

Response of corn to potassic organomineral fertilizer in an Oxisol
type: item
description: Purpose: Corn (Zea mays L.) requires an adequate supply of potassium (K) to achieve high productivity. Potassium chloride (KCl) is the main fertilizer source used, but its excessive application can increase soil salinity and production costs. Organomineral fertilizers (OMF) have emerged as an alternative, as they improve soil attributes and supply nutrients. In this study, the effects of an OMF fertilizer were compared with KCl, based on the external critical level (CL) of K for corn in a sandy loam Typic Hapludox. Method: The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. The applied K rates ranged from 40% below to 20% above the CL. Biometric and plant tissue data were evaluated. Results: OMF showed equivalent or superior efficacy compared to KCl, especially at rates suitable for the crop. The use of OMF enhanced calcium and magnesium uptake and exhibited the highest agronomic efficiency of K use across all evaluated rates, with an average value 24% higher than that of KCl. Both fertilizers had similar K uptake efficiency, while apparent recovery efficiency ranged from 55 to 70% for OMF and 77 to 94% for KCl. Conclusion: Both fertilizers exhibited similar efficacy, and the choice should consider availability and cost. In addition to being a viable alternative, OMF offers environmental benefits and contributes to organic waste management, promoting more sustainable agricultural practices and aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Objectives. Highlights · Organomineral fertilizer (OMF) increased potassium agronomic efficiency. · OMF improved calcium and magnesium uptake in corn plants. · OMF showed equal or superior performance to KCl in corn growth. · Potassium rates above the critical level did not improve plant productivity. · OMF promotes sustainable waste management and reduces KCl dependence.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Zea mays
  topic: keywords
subject: Alternative fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: Potassium chloride
  topic: keywords
subject: Critical level of K in the soil
  topic: keywords
creator: Caroline de Figueiredo Oliveira
creator: Tiago Tezotto
creator: Vinícius de Melo Benites
creator: Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Caroline de Figueiredo Oliveira, Tiago Tezotto, Vinícius de Melo Benites, Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-09
publication date: 2025-09-09
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17449

Digestate: Scope and Application as Nitrogen Fertilizer for Rice
type: item
description: Purpose: Rice production in paddy soil is important for food security, and nitrogen fertilisation is important to achieve high yields. Digestate, the organic rest from biogas production can be a good fertilizer, but relatively little is known about its use in paddy soil, which is investigated here. Method: Nitrogen transformations and rice growth in soil waterlogged and at field capacity after application of digestate and digestate products were assessed in a pot experiment. Nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions with the same digestates were also assessed in an incubation. Results: One of the tested digestates had as good fertilizer effect as urea. Nitrogen transformations went mostly as expected under given water status, but digestates were more affected by waterlogging than urea. Some instability appeared about 10 days after fertilizer application. Then nitrite levels were high, responsive microbial populations peaked and N2O emissions started. Whilst emissions after mineral fertilizer application (urea) were not affected by waterlogging, emission after application of one of the examined digestate was high at field capacity but almost zero under waterlogging. N2O emissions from all other digestate and water treatments were also low. Conclusion: Digestates have great potential as organic fertilizers in rice production, but N2O emissions under aerobic soil conditions are of concern and warrants further investigation and mitigation strategy. Highlights: · Digestates are potentially good fertilisers for rice · Nitrogen uptake from one of the tested digestates was comparable with urea · Ammonium was released quickly from digestate, but more nitrate was formed with urea treatment · Some instability appeared about 10 days after fertiliser application, with high nitrite levels · Water-saving irrigation increases N2O emission more with digestate than with mineral fertilisers
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digestate
  topic: keywords
subject: Nitrogen mineralisation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rice growth
  topic: keywords
subject: N2O
  topic: keywords
subject: Waterlogging
  topic: keywords
creator: Bente Foereid
creator: Maria Dietrich
creator: Lisa Paruch
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Bente Foereid, Maria Dietrich, Lisa Paruch (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17447

Vermicomposting for Sustainable Soil Health in SubSaharan Africa Focusing on Ethiopia: Opportunities, Adoption Barriers, and Policy Pathways
type: item
description: Purpose: Soil degradation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) threatens smallholder farming sustainability. Vermicomposting, using earthworms to convert agricultural waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer, has emerged as a promising solution. Method: This review synthesizes 86 studies to analyse vermicomposting's impacts on soil and plant health, and alignment with regenerative agriculture and circular economy principles. Results: The bio-conversion process through vermicomposting aligns with principles of regenerative agriculture and the circular economy by recycling agricultural waste into valuable soil improvers, thereby reducing landfill usage and mitigating environmental pollution. The review highlights the role of earthworms and microorganisms in stabilizing organic waste, improving nutrient profiles, and enhancing the biological activity of vermicompost. Additionally, it examines the mechanisms by which vermicompost amendments suppress plant diseases and pests, ultimately supporting sustainable farming practices. While vermicomposting offers substantial environmental and agricultural benefits, these outcomes depend on process optimization and local adaptation. Key knowledge gaps and barriers to adoption in SSA are identified, emphasizing the need for policy interventions. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Conclusion<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Aptos; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black; mso-th…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Soil health
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural waste management
  topic: keywords
subject: Valorization
  topic: keywords
subject: Earthworms
  topic: keywords
subject: Regenerative agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Zerihun Getachew Gebrehana
creator: Mesfin T. Gebremikael
creator: Sheleme Beyene
creator: Wim M.L. Wesemael
creator: Stefaan De Neve
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Zerihun Getachew Gebrehana, Mesfin T. Gebremikael, Sheleme Beyene, Wim M.L. Wesemael, Stefaan De Neve (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17444

The Impact of Lignocellulosic Wastes and Industrial by-Products on Some Chemical Properties of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula Edodes)
type: item
description: Purpose: The edible and medicinal Shiitake mushroom is one of the most well-known mushrooms worldwide. Mushroom cultivation reduces the environmental impact of agricultural waste used as substrates and provides an economically viable alternative for producing food with high flavor and quality, as well as valuable metabolites. Method: The present study was conducted in 2023 at the Islamic Azad University, Isfahan branch, using a split-plot design arrangement. The main plots included sawdust from oak, poplar, mulberry, and corn wood, while the subplots included wheat bran (0 and 25%), oat seeds (0 and 30%), gypsum (CaSO₄•2H₂O) (0 and 30 mmol per kilogram), whey powder (0 and 1%), dairy factory wastewater (0 and 50%), and sugar factory wastewater (0 and 50%). Result: The highest average carbohydrate content in the Shiitake mushroom was observed in the oak sawdust treatment with wheat bran supplement (29.71%), while the lowest was found in the poplar sawdust treatment with dairy wastewater (25.54%). Additionally, the highest average protein content in the Shiitake mushroom was observed in the oak sawdust treatment with dairy wastewater supplement, while the lowest was found in the poplar and corn sawdust treatments without any supplements (15.34 and 15.37 g per kg dry weight, respectively). Conclusion: The highest average carbohydrate content in Shiitake mushrooms was observed in the oak sawdust treatment with wheat bran supplementation. The highest fiber content in Shiitake mushrooms was observed in the oat treatment, while the lowest content was found in treatments with whey, dairy wastewater, control, and gypsum. Highlights Oak sawdust + wheat bran yielded highest Shiitake carbs (29.71%). Dairy wastewater + oak sawdust boosted Shiitake protein (33.54 g/kg). Oat supplement increased Shiitake fiber content (86.93 g/kg). Substrate type did not significantly affect ash or soluble solids. Lignocellulosic wastes enhanced Shiitake nutritional quality sustainably. Gypsum red…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Shiitake mushroom
  topic: keywords
subject: Soluble solids
  topic: keywords
subject: Fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbohydrates
  topic: keywords
subject: Protein
  topic: keywords
creator: Abbas Lotfi
creator: Mehrdad Jafarpour
creator: Fariba Khalili
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Abbas Lotfi, Mehrdad Jafarpour, Fariba Khalili (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17443

Vegetative Indices for Evaluation of the Agronomic Performance of Black oats Irrigated with Slaughterhouse Effluent
type: item
description: Purpose: The expansion of the global population has resulted in an increased demand for food production. This, coupled with the scarcity of natural resources aggravated by the climate crisis, makes technology a necessary tool to ensure productivity for crops. This research aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of black oat irrigated with varying doses of Treated Slaughterhouse Effluent (TSE), through the determination and analysis of vegetation indices. Method: The experiment was conducted in the field using a five-treatment, four-replication randomized block design with repeated measures over time. Fresh mass (FMAP) and aerial dry mass (DMAP) of the aerial part, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf nutritional status were used as indicators of agronomic performance, as well as the relative chlorophyll index (CRF), which were correlated with indices (NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, IRVI: Inverse Ratio Vegetation Index, and RVI: Ratio Vegetation Index). Results: There were strong correlations between the indices studied with the biometric parameters of the crop, mainly, the NDVI x DMAP (R² = 0.92) and the RVI x FMAP (R² = 0.89). The indices were also able to differentiate the stages of crop development and could be used as a management tool for agricultural practices. Conclusion: There were no changes in the biometric parameters, nutritional status and indices of the irrigated crop with different concentrations of TSE; therefore, the dose of 25% is recommended, for having presented a saving of 100% of the synthetic nitrogen, replacing 25% of a fresh water source, without an excess of N, thus avoiding the leaching risks. Highlihgts · There are strong correlations between vegetation indices and biometric parameters · The indices were able to differentiate the phenological stages of the crop · Treated slaughterhouse effluent showed potential for use in crop irrigation
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Avena strigosa Schreb
  topic: keywords
subject: NDVI
  topic: keywords
subject: Nitrogen
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: Water reuse
  topic: keywords
creator: Felipe Oliva de Godoy
creator: Ana Paula Pereira Carvalho
creator: Lucas Renato Trevisan
creator: Lisiane Brichi
creator: Fabrício Rossi
creator: Tamara Maria Gomes
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Felipe Oliva de Godoy, Ana Paula Pereira Carvalho, Lucas Renato Trevisan, Lisiane Brichi, Fabrício Rossi, Tamara Maria Gomes (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17438

Parthenium Hysterophorus: An Invasive Weed for Nutritional Enrichment of Vermicompost
type: item
description: Purpose: Parthenium hysterophorus is a problematic weed that is difficult to manage or recycle. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative uses, such as vermicomposting with cow dung, for large-scale weed disposal. This study investigates the utilization of Parthenium mixed with cow dung in varying ratios through vermicomposting and assesses the final product. Method: Nine treatments replicated three times consisted of various ratios of Parthenium and cow dung: 0:1, 1:0, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 2:3, 1:5* (*Sun-dried) were used for vermicomposting. A 90-day experiment evaluated the growth and breeding of Eisenia fetida and the nutritional contents of the prepared vermicompost. Result:The body weight and population of Eisenia fetida increased significantly within 90 days of its inoculation in cow dung. Parthenium showed a deleterious effect on the biomass growth of Eisenia fetida. On the 90th day in the heap of Parthenium, the body weight of Eisenia fetida decreased significantly. However, the decrease was non-significant when Parthenium and cow dung were 2:3, i.e. 40% Parthenium in the substrates. This ratio was found to be the most suitable for vermicomposting. Besides the harmful effect of Parthenium on the growth and fecundity of Eisenia fetida, it showed various advantageous properties during vermicomposting. Substituting 40% cow dung with Parthenium in the vermicompost increased the macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and micronutrients (zinc, iron, copper and manganese) concentration of the vermicompost. <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0e101a; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-U…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Congress grass
  topic: keywords
subject: Enrichment
  topic: keywords
subject: Eisenia fetida
  topic: keywords
subject: Vermicomposting
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil fertility
  topic: keywords
creator: Arun Kumar Jha
creator: Rajeev Padbhushan
creator: Achin Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Arun Kumar Jha, Rajeev Padbhushan, Achin Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17430

Application of Biochar and Impacts on Corn (Zea Mays L.) Agronomic Development and Nutrient Availability in Soil Under Tropical Climate
type: item
description: Purpose: Soil amendments such as biochar, a by-product of renewable energy production from organic waste, have the potential to improve crop yields by increasing water-holding capacity and soil nutrient content. However, data on the impact of biochar on corn and tropical environments are rare. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar produced from coffee residues on maize (Zea mays L.) in acid soils exposed to a tropical climate. Method: A field experiment quantifying maize growth was conducted in a randomised complete block design with four replications. Acid soils were amended with four biochar rates (0%, 1%, 2% and 10% by volume). After maize harvest, soil was collected and soil properties, phenological and performance variables were measured. Results: The physico-chemical effects of the biochar applied to the soil showed that acidic soils changed to neutral or moderately acidic soils. Water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, phosphorus and potassium contents increased significantly. Conclusion: Our results show that biochar has positive effects on soil properties and plant growth, suggesting that biochar as a soil amendment has the potential to improve the quality of poor soils and nutrient availability. These results could theoretically support the idea of applying biochar to soils to increase nutrient stocks, reduce nutrient leaching and improve crop yields. Highlights · Coffee residue biochar enhances corn growth and phenology. · Biochar increased soil water holding, cation exchange, organic C, P, and K. · Biochar increased maize yield and partial nutrient productivity. · Biochar is effective for corn seedling growth without irrigation or N fertilizer. · Equatorial acidic soils benefit from biochar amendment.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biochar
  topic: keywords
subject: Corn crops
  topic: keywords
subject: Physico-chemical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: Plant growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Recycling
  topic: keywords
subject: Tropical environment
  topic: keywords
creator: Juan Manuel Trujillo-González
creator: Juan David Mahecha-Pulido
creator: Andrea Maritza Astroz-Cano
creator: Marco Aurelio Torres-Mora
creator: Amanda Silva-Parra
creator: Marlon Serrano-Gómez
creator: Edgar Fernando Castillo-Monroy
creator: Francisco J. García-Navarro
creator: Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Juan Manuel Trujillo-González, Juan David Mahecha-Pulido, Andrea Maritza Astroz-Cano, Marco Aurelio Torres-Mora, Amanda Silva-Parra, Marlon Serrano-Gómez, Edgar Fernando Castillo-Monroy, Francisco J. García-Navarro, Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17419

Equine Dung as an Organic Nitrogen Supplement in Compost Formulation for Cultivation of White Button Mushroom [Agaricus Bisporus J.E. Lange (Imbach)]
type: item
description: Purpose: The present study aimed to utilize the equine dung as an organic nitrogen supplement in commercial compost formulations for the cultivation of white button mushroom. Method: Four different compost formulations (C1 to C4) were prepared using wheat straw or in combination with paddy straw as the basic ligno-cellulosic substrate material. The initial nitrogen levels were maintained at 1.48–1.79% by incorporating various nitrogen enrichment materials such as chicken manure, equine dung, mustard oil cake and wheat bran. Results: The C4 compost formulation (composed of wheat straw – 150 kg, equine dung – 400 kg, mustard oil cake – 30 kg, wheat bran – 30 kg, gypsum – 25 kg, and urea – 6 kg) exhibited the highest biological efficiency of 18.20%, outperforming poultry manure-based compost formulations. Among the various physico-chemical properties of the matured compost, the C:N ratio was identified as a critical factor for achieving higher yields and an extended cropping period. Conclusion: The experimental findings demonstrate an environmentally sustainable approach for utilizing equine dung waste in a productive way to cultivate protein-rich food. This study highlights the potential of equine dung as a valuable component in compost formulations for white button mushroom production. Highlights · Equine Dung as a Sustainable Nitrogen Source: Equine dung was successfully utilized as an organic nitrogen supplement in compost formulations, promoting sustainable and productive management of equine waste. · Enhanced Biological Efficiency: The compost, prepared using equine dung, mustard oil cake, wheat bran, gypsum, and urea, resulted in maximum biological efficiency of 18.20%, outperforming the commercial poultry manure-based formulations. · Optimized Nitrogen Levels for Yield: Initial nitrogen levels in compost formulations (1.48–1.79%) were optimized to support higher yields of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). · Importance of C:N Ratio: Physico-chemical ana…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: C: N ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Mushroom compost
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste management
  topic: keywords
subject: Poultry manure
  topic: keywords
creator: Roohi Jan
creator: Sachin Gupta
creator: Sudheer Kumar Annepu
creator: Moni Gupta
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Roohi Jan, Sachin Gupta, Sudheer Kumar Annepu, Moni Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2026.17359

Coffee Innovation and Sustainability–Organomineral Fertilizers Noteworthy Results
type: item
description: Purpose:<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> Coffee is a highly valued commodity and demands high nutritional inputs for its vegetative and reproductive development. Different sources of fertilizers are used to supply the nutritional needs of the plant. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the response of different sources and doses of special fertilizers compared to conventional mineral fertilizers in coffee plants in two consecutive crop seasons. Method: A 4×4 factorial scheme was implemented with four fertilizers [conventional mineral, mineral with polymer, organomineral with cellulosic residue (OM-CR), organomineral with sugarcane filter cake (OM-FC)] and four doses (50, 75, 100, and 125% of the recommended dose). Coffee plant growth was evaluated: plant height, canopy diameter, growth of plagiotropic branches, and chlorophyll content. Nutrient contents in the soil and leaves, as well as coffee bean productivity, were also analyzed. Results: In biometric data, mineral and organomineral fertilizers showed responses that were equivalent to or superior to those of the control, even when using reduced OMF doses. For leaf N, P, and K content and soil P and K contents, the organomineral fertilizers performed better than conventional mineral fertilizers, especially in the second crop season. There were no significant differences among the fertilizers and doses for coffee bean productivity. Conclusion: The organomineral fertilizers, regardless of the dose, showed comparable or improved resultscompared to the conventional mineral fertilizer for the plant growth variables, potentiall…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organomineral fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: Cellulosic source
  topic: keywords
subject: Sugarcane filter cake
  topic: keywords
subject: Coffea arabica
  topic: keywords
subject: Coffee bean production
  topic: keywords
creator: Raquel Pinheiro da Mota
creator: Reginaldo de Camargo
creator: Miguel Henrique Rosa Franco
creator: Gleice Aparecida de Assis
creator: Risely Ferraz-Almeida
creator: Ernane Miranda Lemes
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Raquel Pinheiro da Mota, Reginaldo de Camargo, Miguel Henrique Rosa Franco, Gleice Aparecida de Assis, Risely Ferraz-Almeida, Ernane Miranda Lemes (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17241

Release of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium from Filter Cake, Filter Cake Biochar, and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in a Laboratory Study
type: item
description: Purpose: This study characterized the chemical components and nutrient release patterns of filter cake, filter cake biochar, and sugarcane bagasse ash—by-products of the sugarcane industry, a globally significant crop. Method: The chemical composition of each material was analyzed, nutrient release kinetics were examined using water extraction during 336 h, and kinetic models were applied. Results: The studied materials were rich in various elements and exhibited alkaline properties. Carbon and Si were the primary components, followed by Ca, Al, P, and K. All materials released substantial amounts of K and P, with minimal N release. Filter cake had the highest cumulative release of water-soluble P (7,701±87.4 mg/kg), followed by filter cake biochar (2,982±27.3 mg/kg) and sugarcane bagasse ash (1,194±3.66 mg/kg), representing 32.2%, 7.8%, and 21.7%, respectively, of total P. Conversely, the cumulative release of water-soluble K was highest in sugarcane bagasse ash (7,295±418 mg/kg), followed by filter cake (3,999±124 mg/kg) and filter cake biochar (2,312±107 mg/kg), accounting for 23.3%, 30.3%, and 11.0%, respectively, of total K. The nutrient release kinetics showed that the magnitude of release was controlled by the inherent elemental concentrations of each material and exhibited good fits with the Elovich and power function models (R² = 0.836–0.990 and 0.810–0.996). Nutrient release depended mainly on diffusion through heterogeneous and homogeneous surfaces. Conclusion: These sugarcane by-products have the potential to improve soil fertility through nutrient releases. Transforming filter cake into biochar slows the initial release of nutrients while ensuring a more sustained and steady long-term release. Highlight · Filter cake, its biochar and sugarcane bagasse ash are alkaline and rich in C and Si. · Filter cake releases the most water-soluble P among the three materials. · Sugarcane bagasse ash shows the highest cumulative release of water-soluble K. · Each mat…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plant nutrient release
  topic: keywords
subject: Kinetic models
  topic: keywords
subject: Sugarcane by-products
  topic: keywords
subject: Press-mud
  topic: keywords
subject: Ash
  topic: keywords
subject: Biochar
  topic: keywords
creator: Daojarus Ketrot
creator: Sawarin Saribut
creator: Anuthida Sombatcharoennon
creator: Weerawan Peungyam
creator: Karuna Poomsong
creator: Rathanont Jaroenchasri
creator: Worachart Wisawapipat
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Daojarus Ketrot, Sawarin Saribut, Anuthida Sombatcharoennon, Weerawan Peungyam, Karuna Poomsong, Rathanont Jaroenchasri, Worachart Wisawapipat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2026-17240

Effect of mineral liquid organic fertilizer on soil and morphological/physiological parameters in ICA Cerinza bean cultivation until flowering stage
type: item
description: Purpose: The production of beans and food in general at the global level has been threatened by the high costs of industrially synthesized fertilizers. Therefore, the goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of a mineral organic liquid fertilizer (MOLF) on the chemical properties of the soil and the morphological and physiological parameters in ICA Cerinza bean cultivation up to the flowering stage. Methods: The crop was established in open fields in bags and randomly distributed. Aerobic fermented MOLF and commercial liquid fertilizer were evaluated up to the flowering stage. The behavior of micro and macronutrients in the soil was determined using Mehlich-3 and Bray II extractants. In addition, physiological parameters were evaluated in the plants. Results: The incorporation of MOLF in ICA Cerinza bean cultivation increased the content of available P, with results very similar to those of commercial fertilizer. Higher values were observed in chlorophyll content compared to commercial fertilizer. Fluorescence data showed heterogeneous behavior in treatments and which was associated with nutrient content in the soil. Oxalic, citric, formic, acetic, lactic, and succinic acids were identified, with their concentration being higher in the early stages of growth and their production was closely related to the P content and the addition of MOLF. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of using MOLF in bean crops, improving the availability of nutrients in the soil and promoting the secretion of organic substances that can contribute to nutrient mobilization, contributing to fundamental stages such as flowering. Highlights · Leachates from composting stabilized through aerobic fermentation can be used as organic amendments to enhance soil properties. · The use mineral organic liquid fertilizer can be improving nutrient availability in the soil and enhancing the secretion of organic substances that can contribute to nutrient mobilization. · The application of…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organic acids
  topic: keywords
subject: Solid urban organic waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutrient availability
  topic: keywords
subject: Liquid waste
  topic: keywords
creator: Angelica Maria Vargas-Cuy
creator: José Francisco García-Molano
creator: Lizeth Andrea Moreno-Amaya
creator: Luis Alexander Pàez-Guevara
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Angelica Maria Vargas-Cuy, José Francisco García-Molano, Lizeth Andrea Moreno-Amaya, Luis Alexander Pàez-Guevara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2025-17075

Phytotechnical performance of leafy vegetables under organic management with fermented agro-industrial composts in Brazil
type: item
description: Purpose: This study evaluated how fermented agro-industrial bran composts, with or without T. asperellum inoculation, affect soil enzymatic activity and crop performance in successively grown American lettuce and bertalha under organic management at Fazendinha Agroecológica, Brazil. Method: The treatments consisted of six fermented compost formulations containing mixtures of high C/N ratio raw materials (wheat bran - WHB, rice bran - RIB, passion fruit peel - PFPB) combined with low C/N ratio raw materials (castor bean bran - CAB, cottonseed bran - COB), plus a control without fertilization. Compost formulations were applied before transplanting American lettuce (cv. Angelina) at a dose equivalent to 240 kg N ha-1, with residual effects assessed at bertalha (local variety) harvest. Soil microbial activity was estimated using Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolysis (FDA). Phytotechnical variables related to production performance were determined for both vegetables. Results: T. asperellum application did not affect microbial activity, whereas compost application altered FDA, with the lowest value observed without fertilization. Compost application increased American lettuce production by up to 83%. Residual effects on bertalha performance varied, with formulations 40% COB + 60% RIB and 40% COB + 60% PFPB resulting in 55% and 67% higher yields than the control, respectively. However, CAB + WHB did not differ from the control. Conclusion: Utilizing regionally available agro-industrial waste, such as passion fruit peel and rice bran, in compost formulations presents an agronomically efficient strategy for enhancing sustainability and reducing monetary costs in organic farming units. Highlights · Fermented composts increased iceberg lettuce yield by up to 83%. · Residual effects on bertalha yield reached up to 67% higher than the control. · T. asperellum did not influence soil microbial activity in this study. · Compost with passion fruit peel and rice bran proved agronomically…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agroecology
  topic: keywords
subject: "Bokashi"
  topic: keywords
subject: Organic Fertilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Trichoderma asperellum
  topic: keywords
creator: Ana Amélia dos Santos Cordeiro
creator: Ricardo Luiz Louro Berbara
creator: José Guilherme Marinho Guerra
creator: Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes
creator: Giulia da Costa Rodrigues dos Santos
creator: Ednaldo da Silva Araújo
creator: José Antonio Azevedo Espindola
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Ana Amélia dos Santos Cordeiro, Ricardo Luiz Louro Berbara, José Guilherme Marinho Guerra, Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes, Giulia da Costa Rodrigues dos Santos, Ednaldo da Silva Araújo, José Antonio Azevedo Espindola (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-10
publication date: 2025-07-10
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2025-16968

Optimizing yield properties of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plant by integrative application of poultry manure
type: item
description: Purpose: Poultry manure has promising effects on bitter melon fruit yield and can be considered as a suitable substitute for chemical fertilizers. This study was conducted to determine the effect of chicken (CM) and turkey manure (TM) with a control on the bitter melon morphology and yield at the Agriculture Faculty research and application area of Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Türkiye in 2021 year. Method: The treatments were: CM with 10 t/ha (CM1), 12.5 t/ha (CM2), 15 t/ha (CM3), 17.5 t/ha (CM4), TM with 10 t/ha (TM1), 12.5 t/ha (TM2), 15 t/ha (TM3), 17.5 t/ha (TM4). Results: The results showed that TM1 application increased plant height (119.67 cm), and CM3 application increased fruit length (10.20 cm) and diameter (4.20 cm). Also, CM3 application decreased 50% flowering (70.33 days) and first fruit setting days (79.33 days), and increased fresh (142.33 kg/ha) and dry fruit (5.87 kg/ha) yield values. Correlation analysis revealed the highly significant positive correlations (between the r=0.801**-r=1**) in the most of the examined properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the examined properties showed a total of 81.4% of the total variation, and reveal to distinguish significant groupings among the examined properties and poultry manure applications. Conclusion: As a conclusion, both CM and TM applications showed positive effect on the bitter melon. Especially, CM3 and CM4 applications had the highest effect on the fruit yield. CM3-4 and TM4 applications can serve as a viable and effective nutrient source for promoting growth and maximizing bitter melon yield. Highlights · Poultry manure enhances the yield value of bitter melon · The chicken manure applications showed positive effect on bitter melon fruit yield · The examined properties showed high total variation according to PCA analysis result · The highest correlation was found between the fresh and dry weight values · The multivariate analyses produced important results
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Momordica charantia L.
  topic: keywords
subject: Fruit yield
  topic: keywords
subject: PCA
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulsum Yaldiz
creator: Mahmut Camlica
creator: Deniz Dasdemir
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Gulsum Yaldiz, Mahmut Camlica, Deniz Dasdemir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2025-16981

Bioconversion of food waste into compost using rotary drum composter for agricultural utilization
type: item
description: Purpose: The goal of this research was to create a higher-quality compost produced by mixing sawdust with food waste and dry leaves in four different trials in a rotary drum composting unit. Method: A customized PVC composter, designed to prevent corrosion and overheating, including aeration holes spaced 15 cm apart. 500 kg of waste, sourced from Sharda University and local areas, was mixed for optimal moisture levels and divided into four trials: food waste (FW), FW with leaf powder (FW + LP), FW with sawdust (FW + SD), and food waste with leaf powder and sawdust (FW + LP + SD). Over 45 days, trials underwent rigorous monitoring and comprehensive lab analyses for parameters like moisture, volatile solids, pH, conductivity, and total organic carbon and C/N ratio. Results: The present study shows that composting across all trials, with trial 2 displaying accelerated organic degradation. Temperature profiles surpassed 50°C for T2, T3, and T4 after 15 days. The pH levels ranged from 7.6 to 8.5. Treatment T3 (FW+SD) achieved the highest organic matter reduction at 13.42%. Sawdust (FW+SD) showed superior treatment efficiency, with a finer fraction of 39.37%. Successful composting with food waste showcased the composter's effectiveness, particularly in trial three (FW+SD), which was further validated in a coriander seed pot experiment. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that all the produced composts were classified as stable and fully matured. This study underscores the efficiency of recycling sawdust through the composting process, particularly when integrated with nitrogen-rich food waste, to generate valuable end products. Highlight Customized PVC composter used to restrict corrosion and overheating. Adding a bulking agent is crucial for speeding up the breakdown of food waste Combining sawdust and leaf powder helps to control excessive leachate production. Sawdust is particularly effective in converting food waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer. The study's methods…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Composting
  topic: keywords
subject: Circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable waste management
  topic: keywords
creator: Hrishikesh Shivam
creator: Mulbah Rufus Flomo
creator: Dayanand Sharma
creator: Tushar Bansal
creator: Pooja Jha
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Hrishikesh Shivam, Mulbah Rufus Flomo, Dayanand Sharma, Tushar Bansal, Pooja Jha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-20250-16980

Recycling and screening of agricultural wastes to reuse in biofloculated aquaria inhabiting Ctenopharyngodon idella
type: item
description: Purpose: This study was conducted in the context to recycle the agricultural wastes among fruits and vegetable peels in a biofloc system inhabiting grass carp fingerlings (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish has attained a vital place in the food industry, but the major problem is costly fish feed along with water management. Method: Banana, potato and orange peels were incorporated as cost effective agricultural wastes for the biofloc development and its effect on fish growth was analyzed. Three experiments in triplicates were conducted for the three agricultural wastes to raise biofloc in 90 L glass aquaria and run parallel with control. Fingerlings were fed on the developed biofloc for 60 days. Results: Higher fish growth (p<0.05) that is gain in weight (4.08 ± 0.41) and gain in length (3.14 ± 0.37) was obtained in aquaria fed on banana peels than other agricultural wastes and control containing 39% protein, while the microbial screening showed six different types of bacterial isolates with 1.65 × 105 CFU m L-1. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and percentage specific growth rate (%SGR) also improved in fingerlings reared on banana peels biofloc-based aquaria. Conclusion: Consequently, banana peels can be recycled as the cheapest agricultural waste in the biofloc system. Research Highlights · Commencement of recycling and utilization of agricultural wastes that can serve as sole carbon source in animal nutrition and hence improves the environment quality. · Introduction of cheapest fish feed by using agricultural wastes that replaces fully commercial feed to make it cost effective. · Initiation of a system that recycled agricultural wastes incorporating in fish feed to get better growth at cheapest prices. · Waste water treatment by adopting biofloc technology that minimized the water exchange in fish aquaria because ammonia produces as fish wastes has been recycled and converted into useful form by bacteria. · It is a novel work to choose as a start up of biofloc busi…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agricultural waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Biofloc application
  topic: keywords
subject: Recycled wastes
  topic: keywords
subject: Formulated fish feed
  topic: keywords
subject: Fruit peels in biofloc
  topic: keywords
creator: Komal Tayyab
creator: Sumaira Aslam
creator: Faiza Jabeen
creator: Tamseela Mumtaz
creator: Zill-i- Huma
creator: Meerab Aziz
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Komal Tayyab, Sumaira Aslam, Faiza Jabeen, Tamseela Mumtaz, Zill-i- Huma, Meerab Aziz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2025-16583

Vermicompost quality of oyster mushroom Baglogs waste and pineapple residue mix
type: item
description: Purpose: The study aimed to examine the quality of vermicompost produced through the combination of oyster mushroom Baglogs and pineapple waste using the Eudrillus eugeniae species as a decomposer. Method: Vermicompost and compost were derived from a mixture of oyster mushroom Baglogs and pineapple waste. Eudrillus eugeniae earthworms were employed as the decomposers for the vermicomposting process. Vermicompost, compost, and the initial substrate were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), chemical composition analysis, and microbiological analysis. Results: The FT-IR spectra of the vermicompost confirmed an increase in nitrogen-rich compounds and the presence of humic substances. SEM analysis revealed more significant morphological structure changes in vermicompost. Furthermore, the vermicompost showed the smallest particle size (95.85 µm) compared to compost (149.73 µm) and the initial substrate (653.31 µm). The vermicompost demonstrated a 3-fold reduction in C/N ratio compared to the initial substrate. The nutrient content of the vermicompost increased by 1.2 – 3.2-fold from the initial substrate. The vermicompost exhibited a higher bacterial population (30.93x107 CFU/g) compared to compost (10.05x107 CFU/g) and initial raw material (2.47x107 CFU/g). Conclusion: The results demonstrated improvement in the qualities of vermicomposting as a sustainable method for waste recycling. The enhanced nutrient content, particle size reduction, and increased bacterial population in the vermicompost indicated its potential as a valuable resource for improving soil health and plant productivity. Research Highlights · Vermicomposting can be used to address waste management and recycling · The combination of organic waste in the vermicomposting process can enhance quality · FT-IR analysis is used to examine the chemical composition of organic fertilizer · The vermicompost surface turns mo…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vermicompost composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Particle Size Analyzer (PSA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
  topic: keywords
creator: Lia Hadiawati
creator: Ahmad Suriadi
creator: Syarifinnur Syarifinnur
creator: Khaerana
creator: Yudhistira Nugraha
creator: Zaenal Arifin
creator: Lolita Endang Susilowati
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Lia Hadiawati, Ahmad Suriadi, Syarifinnur Syarifinnur, Khaerana Khaerana, Yudhistira Nugraha, Zaenal Arifin, Lolita Endang Susilowati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2025-16969

The effects of compost application on soil properties: Agricultural and environmental benefits
type: item
description: Purpose: Human activities generate substantial waste, often relegated to landfills or incineration. Composting offers a valuable alternative, transforming waste into organic fertilizers that can improve soil health. This review examines the multifaceted influences of compost application on soil properties, the associated agricultural and environmental benefits. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing numerous research articles focused on compost application in agricultural soils. The review prioritized studies investigating the direct and indirect effects of varying compost application rates on a range of soil properties. The search encompassed databases and scientific journals related to soil science, environmental science, and agriculture. Results: The reviewed literature consistently demonstrated that compost incorporation positively influences several key soil properties. Compost application generally led to a reduction in bulk density, indicating improved soil structure. Furthermore, it enhanced water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity, promoting better water management. Compost also increased soil water content and the availability of plant-available water, benefiting plant growth. The review highlighted that compost application generally has positive effects on agricultural and environmental soils. Conclusion: Composting offers a sustainable waste management strategy with significant potential for soil improvement. The reviewed evidence supports the widespread use of compost as a soil amendment to enhance soil physical properties, water relations, and potentially other soil chemical and biological properties. These improvements contribute to enhanced soil health, sustainable agriculture, and environmental protection, particularly in the context of degraded soil remediation. Further research is encouraged to optimize compost application rates for different soil types and cropping systems. Research Highlights · Soil Structure Im…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Composting
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste management
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Farida Iraji
creator: Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta
creator: Jorge Mongil-Manso
creator: Graciela Pellejero
creator: David Miguélez
creator: Payam Najafi
creator: Juan Manuel Trujillo González
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Farida Iraji, Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta, Jorge Mongil-Manso, Graciela Pellejero, David Miguélez, Payam Najafi, Juan Manuel Trujillo González (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2025-8144

Digestate in paddy soil – methane emission and carbon sequestration
type: item
description: Purpose: Soils are the largest store of carbon in the biosphere, but soils can also act as the key sources of greenhouse gases. Rice cultivation in paddy soil is anoxic, thus creating an optimal condition for methane production. Digestate, a potential biofertilizer, contains a microbial consortium adapted for methane production because it comes from biogas production where methane production is optimised. In this study, we explored digestate as fertiliser in paddy soil, focussing on the effects of carbon sequestration and methane emission. Method: A number of digestates and digestate products were incubated in the soils, both waterlogged and at field capacity. The effects of thermal treatment of the digestates were assessed to understand if the microbial community applied with the digestate played a role. Results: Carbon dioxide emission was 53% higher in the soil with a history of mineral fertiliser application, than in the soil with digestate application history under waterlogging, at field capacity it was 13% smaller. Methane emissions came later when the digestate was heat-treated, indicating that the microbial community in the digestate could change the timing of emissions, but not the amount. Otherwise, some digestates increased methane emissions, whilst others had little effect. The supply of available carbon appeared to be an important factor to explain differences. Conclusion: Digestate can increase carbon sequestration in paddy soil, although the interaction between waterlogging and soil history is not fully understood. The microbial community applied with the digestate can make methane emission start earlier, but it does not increase total emission. Research Highlights The microbial community applied with the digestate accelerated methane formation. CO2 emission was higher under waterlogging than at field capacity in soil with low organic content. Waterlogging decreased methane emission in unamended soil. Only digestate where some methane potential was le…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rice paddy soil
  topic: keywords
subject: Digestate
  topic: keywords
subject: Methane
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon sequestration
  topic: keywords
subject: Microbial dynamics
  topic: keywords
creator: Bente Foereid
creator: Maria Dietrich
creator: Monica Fongen
creator: Lisa Paruch
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Bente Foereid, Maria Dietrich, Monica Fongen, Lisa Paruch (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2025.16872

Hydrolysates of fish waste as potential plant biostimulants
type: item
description: Purpose: The development of plant biostimulants from fish industry waste will increase crop yields and reduce environmental pollution. The aim of our study was to develop an optimal method for the production of fish hydrolysates and to test their effectiveness as plant biostimulants for important crops such as corn and beans. Method: Three different hydrolysates were used: I - from guts only, II and III - from guts and heads. I and III were hydrolyzed using fish guts own enzymes, while II was additionally stimulated with nitric acid. Results: It was found that for beans, the treatment with a low concentration of fish hydrolysates (1%) was more optimal, while for corn, higher concentrations of hydrolysates (2% and 5%) were more effective. Treatment with all hydrolysates reduced the chlorophyll a content in maize leaves. For plants, hydrolysates from fish guts alone were more effective as biostimulants, especially for legumes that formed a root-nodule symbiosis. Conclusion: According to all the studied indicators, hydrolysate I (only from viscera) at a concentration of 1% was the most effective in the treatment of beans and corn, increasing the index of seedling vigour, growth and total vegetative mass. Research Highlights Use of fish waste hydrolysates can increase crop and reduce environmental pollution Beans require lower concentrations of fish waste hydrolysates than corn. Hydrolysate from only fish viscera acts better as a biostimulant. Hydrolysate with heads has fewer enzymes and fewer low-molecular-weight peptides. Hydrolysate with heads has a lot of calcium, which negatively affect
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fish hydrolysates
  topic: keywords
subject: Bean
  topic: keywords
subject: Corn
  topic: keywords
subject: Seed germination
  topic: keywords
subject: Seedling vigour index
  topic: keywords
subject: Chlorophylls
  topic: keywords
creator: Nataliia Nuzhyna
creator: Nataliia Raksha
creator: Olexii Savchuk
creator: Tetiana Maievska
creator: Oksana Tonkha
rights: Copyright (c) -1 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2025.16870

Enhancing agricultural waste bioconversion by Black Soldier Fly larvae through wheat bran supplementation
type: item
description: Purpose: The growing global challenge of waste management, amplified by population growth, demands sustainable solutions. Insect-based bioconversion, specifically using Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly, BSF), offers an effective method for converting organic waste into protein-rich biomass. Method: Various agricultural and food wastes were used as diets for BSF larvae and analyzed for their chemical composition. Pistachio hulls had the highest dry matter (94.27%) and ash content (9.60%), while date fruit waste had the highest carbohydrate content (91.55%). Cafeteria food waste had the highest crude protein (15.32%) and fat content (11.33%). Due to the high adhesiveness of date paste, larvae growth was restricted. Wheat bran was added to improve texture, reduce stickiness, and enhance larval feeding. The diets were evaluated based on growth indices such as weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and lipid efficiency ratio (LER). Results: BSF larvae could not thrive on pure date paste due to its physical properties. However, the addition of wheat bran improved the substrate, resulting in better growth and survival rates. The best growth indices were observed in treatments with wheat bran alone or mixed with date paste, where WG and SGR were significantly enhanced. PER and LER also showed improved feed utilization. Conclusion: An appropriate dietary balance is essential for optimizing BSF larvae growth, efficient mass rearing, and promoting sustainable waste management and protein production. Combining date by-products with wheat bran reduces waste, enhances sustainability, and provides a local protein source for poultry and aquaculture. Research Highlight Wheat bran boosts black soldier fly bioconversion efficiency. Enhanced waste recycling through insect-based bioconversion. Agricultural waste valorization using black soldier fly larvae. Sustainable organic waste management via BSF larvae. Impact of wheat bran supplementation…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Insect bioconversion
  topic: keywords
subject: Protein production
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable feed production
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahra Raeiszadeh
creator: Kamal Ahmadi
creator: Mahdieh Asadi
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Zahra Raeiszadeh, Kamal Ahmadi, Mahdieh Asadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa.2025.16869

The rise of the worm: Bibliometric insights into the growing significance of vermicomposting for sustainable agriculture and environmental management
type: item
description: Purpose: This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of vermicomposting research over the past decade, focusing on its several advantages to sustainable agriculture and waste management. Method: The study encompasses 3259 papers published during the last decade (2013-2022), with a focus on the last five years to identify emerging trends. Results: A substantial growth in vermicomposting research is observed, with an annual publication output doubling from 2013 to 2022. Subject area analysis reveals prominence in Agricultural and Biological Sciences and Environmental Science. International collaboration has increased over the decade, with India leading in quantity but displaying a Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) below the global average. Other countries, including China, Spain, USA, and Malaysia, exhibit higher FWCI scores. Academic-corporate collaboration is limited, with only 9 papers resulting from such partnerships. Patent analysis indicates a growing interest in vermicomposting-related innovations, with 35 patents published since 2015, emphasizing sustainable practices in agriculture and waste management. Conclusion: Emerging trends encompass the development of methods for assessing vermicompost maturity and investigating its integration with other waste treatment technologies, optimization of vermicomposting through feedstock diversification, process fine-tuning, and innovative reactor designs, and environmental applications, involving the removal of heavy metals, degradation of microplastics, and wastewater treatment. Research Highlights A bibliometric analysis was conducted using Scopus, VOSviewer and SciVal A steady increase in annual publications with a particular uptick since 2019 3259 research articles and 35 patents were published during 2013-2022 India is the most prolific country, followed by Iran and China Emerging trends: innovative reactor designs, and new environmental applications
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vermicompost
  topic: keywords
subject: Vermiculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Earthworm
  topic: keywords
subject: Research landscape
  topic: keywords
subject: Trends
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge gaps
  topic: keywords
creator: Ridha Mhamdi
creator: Darine Trabelsi
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Ridha Mhamdi, Darine Trabelsi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-md30-c35t

Comparative characterization of biochar obtained from cow dung and poultry litter
type: item
description: Purpose: The conversion of animal waste to biochar by pyrolysis remains the most sustainable alternative for proper management of cow dung and poultry litter in addressing soil infertility and environmental problems. Biochar serves multiple purposes, including waste management, organic fertilizer, carbon sequestration, soil improvement, and renewable energy production. Methods: Cow dung and poultry litter feedstocks were pyrolyzed for 1 hour at 400 o C in an oxygen limited reactor to produce biochar. Physico-chemical investigation of the produced biochar includes proximate analysis, microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES), scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG). Results: Cow dung biochar (CDB) yield was 41% while poultry litter biochar (PLB) was 60.2% respectively. Poultry litter biochar showed a higher ash content of 53.2%, volatile matter 43.5%, bulk density 0.449 g/mL and electrical conductivity 0.25 g/mL than cow dung biochar. Investigation observed dominant macronutrients: N(28300 mg/kg), K(10560.05 mg/kg), Ca(972.17 mg/kg), Mg(4523.82 mg/kg) and micronutrients Cu(80.71 mg/kg), Zn(90.42 mg/kg), Na(2862.47 mg/kg), Fe(2014.25 mg/kg) in poultry litter biochar than cow dung biochar. SEM-EDX images were black and porous with embedded organic and inorganic components. Functional groups acting as cation adsorbents were identified using FTIR. Mass loss and sample disintegration were evident in TGA and DTG curves as temperature increased. Conclusion: Animal waste converted to biochar can act as a nutrient rich soil conditioner to address the mineral deficit in fruits and vegetables cultivated in acidic soils. Reusing agricultural waste in this way is a good idea. Research Highlights Environmental problems such as pollution, global warming and poor soil fertility will be addressed through reuse of animal waste. This study uses slow pyrolys…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental problems
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste management
  topic: keywords
subject: Pyrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon sequestration
  topic: keywords
subject: Organic fertilizer
  topic: keywords
creator: Rose Erdoo Kukwa
creator: Barnabas Orseer Iortyom
creator: Christie Agbenu Adah
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Erdoo Rose Kukwa, Orseer Barnabas Iortyom, Christie Agbenu Adah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-01
publication date: 2025-06-01
doi: 10.57647/ijrowa-2chr-d623