OICC Press International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 2251-7715 14 4 2025 10 01 The effects of compost application on soil properties: Agricultural and environmental benefits 10.57647/ijrowa-2025-8144 EN Farida Iraji Water Studies Research Center, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4048-0892 Jorge Mongil-Manso Forest, Water & Soil Research Group. Catholic University of Ávila, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-7585 Graciela Pellejero CURZA - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Río Negro, 8500 Viedma, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4147-423X David Miguélez Grupo Ibérico de Anillamiento, Madrid, Spain Payam Najafi Water Studies Research Center, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Juan Manuel Trujillo González Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-4080 Journal Article 2025 10 01 Purpose: Human activities generate substantial waste, often relegated to landfills or incineration. Composting offers a valuable alternative, transforming waste into organic fertilizers that can improve soil health. This review examines the multifaceted influences of compost application on soil properties, the associated agricultural and environmental benefits. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing numerous research articles focused on compost application in agricultural soils. The review prioritized studies investigating the direct and indirect effects of varying compost application rates on a range of soil properties. The search encompassed databases and scientific journals related to soil science, environmental science, and agriculture. Results: The reviewed literature consistently demonstrated that compost incorporation positively influences several key soil properties. Compost application generally led to a reduction in bulk density, indicating improved soil structure. Furthermore, it enhanced water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity, promoting better water management. Compost also increased soil water content and the availability of plant-available water, benefiting plant growth. The review highlighted that compost application generally has positive effects on agricultural and environmental soils. Conclusion: Composting offers a sustainable waste management strategy with significant potential for soil improvement. The reviewed evidence supports the widespread use of compost as a soil amendment to enhance soil physical properties, water relations, and potentially other soil chemical and biological properties. These improvements contribute to enhanced soil health, sustainable agriculture, and environmental protection, particularly in the context of degraded soil remediation. Further research is encouraged to optimize compost application rates for different soil types and cropping systems. Research Highlights ·       Soil Structure Improvement: Compost reduces bulk density, enhances porosity, and improves water retention, particularly in degraded soils. ·       Nutrient Enrichment: Provides slow-release macronutrients (N, P, K) and increases cation exchange capacity (CEC), improving long-term soil fertility. ·       Microbial Enhancement: Boosts microbial activity and diversity, aiding nutrient cycling and suppressing soil-borne pathogens. ·       Sustainable Waste Management: Diverts organic waste from landfills, reducing methane emissions and supporting circular agriculture. ·       Optimization Needed: Benefits depend on compost type, soil conditions, and application rates (20–30 Mg/ha every 2–3 years), requiring site-specific strategies.