OICC Press International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 2251-7715 13 5 2024 06 13 Effects of bio-fertilizers on the seedling of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in in-vitro and in-vivo conditions under salt stress 10.57647/ijrowa-08qr-ek78 EN Muhammad Waleed Tufail Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan 0009-0003-2302-4128 Syed Akbar Ali Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan 0000-0001-5910-7185 Muhammad Dawar Ansari Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan 0009-0000-7962-9407 Sadaf Sajjad Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan 0000-0002-9751-8468 Pir Kashif Ali Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan 0009-0006-0428-6597 Shumaila Anwar Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan 0009-0003-9593-2555 Mahrukh Zahoor Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan 0009-0002-2828-356X Hassan Mansha Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan 0009-0009-0082-3924 Journal Article 2024 06 13 Purpose: Rice is the most important staple crop around the globe which has been prone to low productivity due to various abiotic factors. To address this challenge, we researched to describe the effect of biofertilizers on the morpho-physiology of rice seedlings in-vitro and in-vivo conditions under salt stress. Method: The effects of biofertilizers on the growth characteristics of Rice were assessed in in-vitro and under salt stress in in-vivo on the open-pollinated, non-aromatic rice variety Pk-386. Different treatments of the individual biofertilizer and the biofertilizer combination were used to assess their effects on germination, plant length, fresh weight, dry weight, moisture percentage, vigor, and chlorophyll content of the leaves. Results: In in-vitro, the best root length was obtained from Biozote + Trichoderma (BT) of (7.00) cm. A substantial increase in plant fresh weight was obtained from Reclaimer (R) with a weight of (47.33) milligrams. In in-vivo, the longest shoot length was observed in Reclaimer’s 0 mM (15.23), and the highest root length was obtained from the Reclaimer (R) 75 mM of (12.33). Vigor (2517.66) in Reclaimer’s 75 Mm. A fresh weight of (900.33) milligrams was obtained from Reclaimer’s 75 mM. The Reclaimer (R) 25 mM treatment with (78.80 %) moisture was found to have the highest moisture percentage. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, biofertilizer, and biofertilizer mixture in in-vitro conditions have resulted in a considerable increase in rice seedling growth. In contrast, in-vivo conditions, Reclaimer treatment shows remarkable results. Research Highlights The effects of biofertilizers on the growth characteristics of Rice were assessed in in-vitro and under salt stress in in-vivo on the open-pollinated, non-aromatic rice variety Pk-386. Different treatments of the individual biofertilizer and the biofertilizer combination were used. Biofertilizer and biofertilizer mixture in in-vitro conditions have resulted in a considerable increase in rice seedling’s growth. In contrast, in-vivo conditions, Reclaimer treatment shows remarkable results. In in-vitro, the best root length was obtained from Biozote+Trichoderma (BT). A substantial increase in plant fresh weight was obtained from Reclaimer (R). In in-vivo, the longest shoot length was observed in Reclaimer’s 0 mM, and the highest root length was obtained from the Reclaimer (R) 75 mM. Fresh weight from Reclaimer’s 75 Mm and Reclaimer (R) 25 mM was found to have the highest moisture percentage. In in-vivo conditions, biofertilizers cope with the adverse effects of salt stress and show remarkable growth in many growth parameters. Therefore, further development is needed to increase the awareness of using biofertilizers among the farming communities of developing countries.