10.57647/ijrowa-atpf-ah56

Variability in fennel fruit essential oil, fixed oil and their compositions under organic and inorganic fertilizers

  1. Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, 14280, Bolu, Türkiye
Variability in fennel fruit essential oil, fixed oil and their compositions under organic and inorganic fertilizers

Received: 2023-11-28

Revised: 2024-02-29

Accepted: 2024-05-22

Published 2024-06-14

How to Cite

Yaldiz, G., & Camlica, M. (2024). Variability in fennel fruit essential oil, fixed oil and their compositions under organic and inorganic fertilizers. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.57647/ijrowa-atpf-ah56

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Abstract

Purpose: Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants well known for its essential oil and fruit value. The research on adding vermicompost and sheep manure to the soil is an important area of applied agricultural research in sustainable development. The objective of our study was to compare the fixed and essential oil composition of fennel in organic and conventional farming systems to find out the impact of organic farming system.

Method: In this study, different doses of vermicompost and sheep manures (10, 15, 20 t/ha) and ammonium sulphate (40, 80, 120 kg/ha) were applied by sowing and compared to a control group (no manure). Essential oils were extracted in Neo-clevenger apparatus, fixed oils were extracted in Soxhlet device. These oil components were quantified using Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a flame ionization detector.

Results: The obtained results showed that the application of 10 t/ha sheep manures not only increased the content of essential oils, but also increased the concentration of the main components, such as camphor and p-anisaldehyde. While the highest fixed oil was achieved in the application after 120 kg/ha ammonium sulphate, the application of 10 t/ha sheep manure had a higher fixed oil content than vermicompost manure. The maximum petroselinic acid content was obtained from vermicompost manure.

Conclusion: The present study clearly indicated that inorganic fertilizer could be replaced by organic manures due to the higher positive impacts on essential oil and essential oil components, fixed oil and fatty acids.  

Research Hıghlıgts

  • Organic manures had a positive impact on fennel chemical properties.
  • Maximum essential oil content was found from 10 t/ha SM application.
  • 15 t/ha SM application showed the best results in terms of EO components.
  • The highest petroselinic acid content was noted from vermicompost manure.
  • Vermicompost and sheep manures can be suggested for fennel production.

Keywords

  • Chemical Properties,
  • Essential oil,
  • Fennel,
  • Fixed oil,
  • Organic manure