OICC Press International Journal of Industrial Chemistry 2228-5547 17 2 2026 06 30 An Efficient, Solvent-Free Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives Using Z-NTS@Cu as a Reusable and Eco- Friendly Nano-catalyst 10.57647/IJIC.2026.1702.08 EN Mohammad Reza Haghshenas Department of Chemistry, Am.c. Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran Seyed Mohammad Vahdat Department of Chemistry, Am.c. Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7150-9128 Hasan Tahermansouri Department of Chemistry, Am.c. Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran Behrooz Maleki Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Journal Article 2026 06 30 In this study, a green and efficient one-pot multi-component protocol was developed for synthesizing a wide range of xanthene derivatives using (Z-NTS@Cu) as an eco-friendly and recyclable Nano-catalyst. The reactions proceeded under solvent-free conditions, providing excellent yields. The heterogeneous catalyst was prepared via stepwise surface modification of zeolite, which serves as a high-surface-area support with functionalizable active sites. The zeolite was first modified with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) to introduce amino groups, followed by anchoring of cyanuric chloride (TCT) as a triazine linker, and subsequent immobilization of thiosemicarbazide. This functionalization created nitrogen and sulfur donor sites capable of stable copper coordination. Comprehensive characterization of the catalyst was performed using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, TGA, EDX-EDS, and EDX mapping analyses, confirming successful functionalization and uniform copper distribution. The synergistic effect between the zeolite framework and the copper-thiosemicarbazide complex contributed to high catalytic activity and selectivity in multi-component reactions. The catalyst’s heterogeneous nature allowed straightforward separation and reuse for up to six consecutive cycles without significant loss of efficiency. Importantly, the reactions proceeded under mild conditions, highlighting the catalyst’s practicality and environmentally benign profile. Overall, the Z-NTS@Cu nanocatalyst represents a sustainable, reusable, and highly effective system for the green synthesis of xanthene derivatives, combining high performance, ease of recovery, and minimal environmental impact. Its design demonstrates how functionalized zeolite-supported copper complexes can advance eco-friendly organic synthesis while maintaining operational simplicity and excellent catalytic outcomes.