OICC Press International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 2251-6832 13 1 (March 2022) 2021 08 29 Hydrogen production from co-gasification of Çan lignite and sorghum biomass in a fixed-bed gasifier: CFD modeling 10.1007/s40095-021-00423-y EN Afshin Amani Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, IR Faranak Akhlaghian Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, IR Journal Article 2021 08 29 Abstract Temperature, steam flow rate and coal/biomass ratio in the feedstock are the key factors that affect the performances of co-gasification processes. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method matched with homogenous chemical reactions was used to visualize hydrogen concentration gradient in a fixed-bed reactor. The Eulerian–Eulerian CFD method was promoted to investigate the effects of various ranges of temperature (700–950 °C), water flow rate (0.5 × 10 –8 to 3.3 × 10 –8 m 3 /s) and coal/biomass ratio (0–100%) on the gasification efficiency. All numerical operations were under time-dependent conditions by depicting concentration contours for H 2 production. Using the CFD technique, the desirable circumstances for maximum H 2 production were specified as temperature of 850 °C, water flow rate of 1.9 × 10 −3 m 3 /s and coal/biomass ratio of around 50%. A comparison between the simulation results and experimental gasification data was conducted to approve the CFD results, and there was an acceptable agreement among them.