OICC Press Iranian Journal of Catalysis 2345-4865 16 1 2026 03 31 Catalytic activities of fluorescent covalent organic frameworks 10.57647/j.ijc.2026.1601.11 EN Zahra Alishahi Journal Article 2026 03 31 The seminal work conducted by Yaghi and his colleagues in 2005 led to the development of a novel class of crystalline porous organic materials, termed covalent organic frameworks (COFs). These frameworks are composed of organic building blocks connected by strong covalent bonds to form two (2D) and/or three-dimensional (3D) networks. These 2D or 3D networks give rise to a wide variety of morphological structures, including cavities, nanosheets, films, pores, spheres, membranes, tubes, shuttles, foams, belts, and fibers. This discovery opened new horizons, as the flexibility of covalent bonds allowed chemists to turn their conceptual molecular architecture into reality. The most common reactions lead to the formation of covalent linkages such as B–O, B–N, C–N, C=C, C≡C, and C–O.