International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering (IJBBE)
type: channel
description: International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering (IJBBE), is an online, open-access, double-blind, and peer-reviewed academic journal publishes semiannualy. Journal DOI: 10.57647/ijbbe Journal Abbreviation: Int. J. Biophoton. Biomed. Eng. Journal Title Acronym: IJBBE Journal Owner: Islamic Azad University Publisher: Islamic Azad University, Co-publishing, OICC Press, UK Director-in-Charge: Hassan Rasooli Saghai, 0000-0002-0284-3947 Editor-in-chief: Habib Tajalli, 0000-0002-0660-5911
publisher: OICC Press
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering (IJBBE)
issn: 2980-9037
items: Real-Time Stress Detection Using Combined PPG and PCG Signals with Deep Learning
items: Restoration of Exosomal miR-125b, lncRNA TUG1 and lncRNA NEAT1 Homeostasis by Vitamin D in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights from an Experimental Rat Study
items: Sonochemical Design and Characterization of 8-hydroxyquinoline Based Nano Metal Complexes as Promising Candidates for Biomedical Engineering
items: A Hybrid Model Based on Deep XGBOOST for Creating a Stable Network and Classifying Cancer Tumor Images Using Supervised Blended Learning (Cono-XGBoost)
items: A Plasmonic Optical Waveguide Based on the SPP of GNR Coupled with GQD Scattering Effect for Biosensor Applications
items: Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Selective Blood Components Optical Sensor with a Ring Core in THz Range
items: Development of Deep Convolutional Neural Network Algorithms Based on DenseNet Model for Adaptive Classification of Chest Diseases
items: Superluminescent Light Emitting Diodes (SLEDs) as Low Temporal Coherent Light Sources in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Applications
items: Recent Advances in ISFET-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Biomarkers: History, Principles, Gate Structure and Applications
items: Polypyrrole-Graphene Quantum dots Nanocomposite Layer for Detection of Uric Acid Using Plasmonic Sensor
items: Investigation of Skin Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy
items: Simulation of Surface Flux Received Through Breast Tumor Radiation Therapy with MCNPX Code
items: Photocatalytic Removal of Ceftriaxone from Aqueous Solutions Using g-C3N4
items: Detection of the Blood Hemoglobin Using an Electro-optical Biosensor Based on a Structurally Chiral Medium
items: Fluence and Wavelength Optimization of Pulsed Laser in Photothermal Therapy
items: Automatic Design and 3D Segmentation of Mandible Bone Using CNN Algorithm via Exclusive GUI
items: Reduced Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa by Silver Modified Iron Oxide
items: Simulation-based Optimization of Chemotherapeutic Drug Dosage: An Agent-based Q-learning Approach
items: Design Sensitive Plasmonic Based 1D Photonic Crystal Biosensor with Graphene-two Metal Layer
items: Optical Coherence Tomography: A Brief Review
items: Effect of Protein Corona Formation on Photonic Response of Upconverting Nanoparticles
items: Application of Near-Infrared Responsive Nano-Carrier for Controlled Drug Delivery: Synthesis, Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
items: The Study of Plasmonic Biosensors based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometry
items: Investigation of the Nonlinear Refractive Index of MCF7 and MCF10A Breast Cell Lines for Optical Diagnosis
items: 1D Photonic Crystal-Based Biosensor for Multiple Biomarkers Detection
items: Simulation of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels Behavior During Infrared Neural Inhibition (INI)
items: New-generation of PDMS-based Lenses for Color Blindness management
items: The liquid environment effect on photoluminescence properties of carbon nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation method in liquids with possible biocompatibility applications
items: Photodynamic therapy for melanoma: a multifaceted anti-cancer treatment against malignant melanoma
items: Designing real-time biosensors and chemical sensors based on symmetrical photonic crystal heterostructures

Real-Time Stress Detection Using Combined PPG and PCG Signals with Deep Learning
type: item
description: Given the serious risks psychological stress poses to both mental and cardiovascular health, there is a need for real-time and unobtrusive monitoring methods. We present a new deep learning framework that uses synchronized photoplethysmogram (PPG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) inputs to classify stress. In contrast to current methods that use multimodal sensors or electrocardiography (ECG), our system uses only PCG and PPG, which are inexpensive, noninvasive, and wearable technology compatible. The architecture incorporates a Bi-LSTM for sequential dependency modeling and a 1D U-Net encoder for multiscale temporal feature extraction. A physiologically interpretable, self-supervised learning strategy is made possible by the automatic derivation of stress labels from PPG-based inter-beat intervals using RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences). State-of-the-art accuracy (98.5%) and F1-scores (>0.97) are demonstrated via experimental results on a public dataset, together with real-time inference capabilities (<50 ms on CPU). Our approach opens the door for scalable wearable health monitoring devices by proving the feasibility of interpretable, end-to-end deep learning for stress detection using synchronized acoustic and optical cardiac inputs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Stress detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: PCG
  topic: keywords
subject: PPG
  topic: keywords
subject: Wearable devices
  topic: keywords
creator: Sanaz Dalvandi
creator: Atefeh Salimi Shahraki
creator: Farhad Azimifar
creator: Mahdi Sajadieh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sanaz Dalvandi, Atefeh Salimi Shahraki, Farhad Azimifar, Seyed Mahdi Sajadieh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/ijbbe.2026.0601.03

Restoration of Exosomal miR-125b, lncRNA TUG1 and lncRNA NEAT1 Homeostasis by Vitamin D in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights from an Experimental Rat Study
type: item
description: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease of ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and metabolic disorders in which exosomal noncoding RNAs have been reported to play a key role in its development. Vit-D (Vit-D) is known to modulate ovarian and systemic metabolism, but the impact of Vit-D on exosomal RNA networks has not been well studied. Thus, this work evaluated the regulatory role of Vit-D supplementation on exosomal microRNA (miR-125b) and long non-coding RNAs (Lnc-TUG1, Lnc-NEAT1) in PCOS rat model, offering potential mechanisms by which dietary intervention influences molecular regulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vit-D
  topic: keywords
subject: PCOS
  topic: keywords
subject: Exosomes
  topic: keywords
subject: miRNA
  topic: keywords
subject: LncRNAs
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision Therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatemeh Attarian
creator: Jina Khayatzadeh
creator: Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard
creator: Saeedeh Zafar Balanezhad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fatemeh Attarian, Jina Khayatzadeh, Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard, Saeedeh Zafar Balanezhad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/ijbbe.2025.0601.01

Sonochemical Design and Characterization of 8-hydroxyquinoline Based Nano Metal Complexes as Promising Candidates for Biomedical Engineering
type: item
description: In this work, zinc-based nanocomplexes were synthesized via an ultrasonic-assisted method using varying concentrations of ligand solutions. The synthesis involved the gradual addition of aqueous zinc acetate to ligand solutions dissolved in ethanol, followed by ultrasonic irradiation to promote complex formation. Comprehensive characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (Tg), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to investigate the structural, morphological, thermal, and chemical properties of the nanocomplexes. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic-assisted synthesis is a facile, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach for producing zinc nanocomplexes with tunable size and morphology. This study highlights the critical role of ligand concentration in controlling the physicochemical properties of the nanocomplexes, suggesting potential applications in catalysis, sensing, and biomedical fields.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sonochemical, 8-Hydroxyquinoline derivative, ultrasonic-assisted, nanocomplexes
  topic: keywords
creator: Amir Safaralizadeh
creator: Gholam Hossein Shahverdizadeh
creator: Samad Bavili Tabrizi
creator: Masoud Moghadaszadeh
creator: Elnaz Ghasemi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Amir Safaralizadeh, Gholam Hossein Shahverdizadeh, Samad Bavili Tabrizi, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Elnaz Ghasemi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
doi: 10.57647/ijbbe.2025.0502.12

A Hybrid Model Based on Deep XGBOOST for Creating a Stable Network and Classifying Cancer Tumor Images Using Supervised Blended Learning (Cono-XGBoost)
type: item
description: Blended learning is expanding and is being employed to solve various problems. Network stabilization and incremental network learning (enhancing weak learners) are some benefits that can be pursued in this type of learning. Moreover, the application of blended learning in medical science has also increased with the advancement of machine learning, which is used in various aspects of this field, such as diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Machine learning in medical image processing has undergone significant development over the past few years. The classification of medical images, including the detection of cancer tumors, fractures, masses, etc., has been among these research endeavors. This study aimed to utilize the development of the XGBOOST method to propose a technique for reducing the error rate in the classification of cancer tumor images. In addition to error reduction, another goal pursued in this model is network stabilization to enhance the effectiveness of identifying various images. The research, evaluated on different datasets, shows a 2% reduction in error compared to previous methods. This technique can potentially be used in the future to classify other topics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: XGBoost
  topic: keywords
subject: Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Image Processing
  topic: keywords
subject: Brain Tumor
  topic: keywords
creator: Amir Asil
creator: Hamed Alipour-Banaei
creator: Shahram Mojtahedzadeh
creator: Hasan Asil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Amir Asil, Hamed Alipour-Banaei, Shahram Mojtahedzadeh, Hasan Asil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
doi: 10.57647/ijbbe.2025.0502.11

A Plasmonic Optical Waveguide Based on the SPP of GNR Coupled with GQD Scattering Effect for Biosensor Applications
type: item
description: In this study, we introduce a graphene-based plasmonic waveguide that consists of three layers including a nonlinear graphene nanoribbon (GNR), a stack of 6 layers of dielectric-like graphene and a Si layer. We compute the permittivity of the plasmonic GNR based on Kubo formalism considering the third-order nonlinear response of graphene medium. The thickness, width and Fermi level of GNR are considered to be 0.34 nm, 50 nm and 2.4 eV respectively. Excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in combination with Kerr effect establish a broad resonance mode that modify the reflectance characteristic at the wavelength range of 1400 ~1500 nm. Then we embed an array of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with the diameter of 66 nm between GNRs. The permittivity of GQD is computed through Cole-cole model. The scattering effect of GQDs supports the establishment of narrow resonance mode. Coupling between the broad and narrow resonances results in Fano resonance at the reflectance characteristic. The characteristics of Fano resonance are highly sensitive to any change in refractive index of surrounding medium. These findings prove that the GQD/PNGN/MDG structure can be applied to detection of RI-induced characteristics as a biosensor. So we design a biosensor based on our waveguide where a 10 nm air gap is abandoned between two parts of biosensor. Replacing of the air gap with biomaterial medium having a RI of n=1.35 results in the amplitude change of Fano resonance. This finding proves the designed biosensor ability in detect of neurodegenerative disorders.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biosensor
  topic: keywords
subject: Kerr nonlinearity
  topic: keywords
subject: Scattering effect
  topic: keywords
subject: Surface plasmon polariton
  topic: keywords
subject: Waveguide ©
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahmoud Baghbanzadeh
creator: Hassan Rasooli Saghai
creator: Hamed Alipour-Banaei
creator: Shahram Mojtahedzadeh
creator: Mohammad Ali Tavakkoli Ghazi Jahani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mahmoud Baghbanzadeh, Hassan Rasooli Saghai, Hamed Alipour-Banaei, Shahram Mojtahedzadeh, Mohammad Ali Tavakkoli Ghazi Jahani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
doi: 10.57647/ijbbe.2025.0502.10

Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Selective Blood Components Optical Sensor with a Ring Core in THz Range
type: item
description: In this study, a highly sensitive optical sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and simulated to detect blood components. The proposed structure utilizes a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a hexagonal lattice of air holes embedded in a silica dielectric background. A hollow circular ring is incorporated at the fiber’s core, serving as the sensing region where blood components are introduced. Changes in the refractive index of this region caused by the presence of different blood constituents directly affect the fiber's optical properties, including dispersion, confinement loss, and effective refractive index. Through comprehensive numerical simulations, these parameters were systematically analyzed across various wavelengths and frequencies. The results revealed distinct optical responses for each blood component, particularly within the 1.2 µm to 1.4 µm wavelength range, indicating high potential for selective detection and calibration. The designed sensor demonstrates excellent capability for distinguishing between different blood components, positioning it as a promising candidate for compact and accurate biomedical diagnostic applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Photonic Crystal
  topic: keywords
subject: Blood Components
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective Refractive Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensor
  topic: keywords
creator: Masoud Amanabi
creator: Hamed Alipour-Banaei
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Masoud Amanabi, Hamed Alipour-Banaei (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
doi: 10.57647/ijbbe.2025.0502.07

Development of Deep Convolutional Neural Network Algorithms Based on DenseNet Model for Adaptive Classification of Chest Diseases
type: item
description: Chest diseases pose serious health threats if not detected early for properly and timely diagnosis. These diseases could include pulmonary disease, pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, lung diseases and other cardiovascular complications. When patients exhibit symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or persistent cough; physicians often prescribe chest X-rays to assess the underlying cause of their discomfort. Chest X-ray is a commonly used diagnostic imaging test that requires significant expertise and careful observation to classify the particular or multiple chest diseases due to the complex nature of the pathology and fine texture of lung lesions. Chest X-Ray classification is a challenging and time consuming task in medical image classification due to the complexity of the human chest structure and the subtle variations in X-Ray images caused by different medical conditions. This paper presents a novel classification technique for the classification of 14 chest diseases that could impair patient’s health. The classification technique presented in this paper is a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms based on DenseNet model structure for adaptive classification of chest diseases. This paper address and bridges three main research gaps in chest diseases classification, namely: 1). enhancing the classification accuracy and specificity in diagnosing up to 14 different classes of chest diseases based on label distributions; 2). develops an AI-based deep learning CNN using DenseNet model structure to accurately classify and predict the risk probability levels of heart failures based on chest X-ray images; and 3). the research leverages the issues of interpretability and explainability as the results is self-explanatory to clinicians. The results demonstrate the efficiency, proficiency and robustness of the deep CNN algorithm based on DenseNet model structure. The paper concludes with a comprehensive discussion on the model’s performance, shedding ligh…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Vincent Andrew Akpan
creator: Naheemat Olayemi Raji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vincent Andrew Akpan, Miss Naheemat O. Olayemi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
doi: 10.57647/ijbbe.2025.0502.09

Superluminescent Light Emitting Diodes (SLEDs) as Low Temporal Coherent Light Sources in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Applications
type: item
description: This paper explores the fundamental physics and structural design of superluminescent light-emitting diodes (SLEDs), which serve as low temporal coherent light sources in optical coherence tomography (OCT). It begins with a concise overview of the concepts of temporal and spatial coherence, followed by an examination of different types of SLEDs, focusing on their architecture, performance characteristics, and specific advantages in medical imaging. Finally, we discuss applications of SLEDs in low-coherence interferometry techniques such as OCT that can be developed by new types of SLEDs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Low-coherent light sources
  topic: keywords
subject: Superluminescent light -emitting diodes
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial coherence
  topic: keywords
subject: Temporal coherence
  topic: keywords
subject: Optical coherence tomography
  topic: keywords
creator: Nasser Moslehi Milani
creator: Noushin Dadashzadeh
creator: Amir Khodamohammadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nasser Moslehi Milani, Noushin Dadashzadeh, Amir Khodamohammadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
doi: 10.57647/ijbbe.2025.0502.08

Recent Advances in ISFET-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Biomarkers: History, Principles, Gate Structure and Applications
type: item
description: The use of ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) sensors is one of the most prominent methods of signal detection and measurement for various analytes and biomarkers. Here the history of the ISFET sensors and their general operations are reviewed. The gate materials and structures, because of the extreme importance of gate performance and structure in sensitivity, price, reusability, durability, and stability of ISFET sensors, have been the subject of many studies. In addition, the importance of gate materials in ISFET sensor readout methods is reviewed here. The applications of ISFET as super biosensors with high sensitivity, easy manufacturing methods, sufficient stability, and cost-effectiveness in the measurement of ions, DNA, biomarkers, and analytes based on enzyme activity, are highlighted. Finally, the importance and advantage of using ISFET sensors with bioactive nanomaterial layers are emphasized, and future studies of these sensors, based on our point of view, are discussed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ISFET sensor
  topic: keywords
subject: Gate materials
  topic: keywords
subject: Biosensor
  topic: keywords
subject: Enzymatic ISFET assay
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomarkers.
  topic: keywords
creator: Seyed Saman Nemati
creator: Gholamreza Dehghan
creator: Yaser Abdi
creator: Sohrab Ahmadi-Kandjani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-02
publication date: 2025-02-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 30
doi: 10.71498/ijbbe.2024.976364

Polypyrrole-Graphene Quantum dots Nanocomposite Layer for Detection of Uric Acid Using Plasmonic Sensor
type: item
description: A polypyrrole-graphene quantum dots nanocomposite layer was prepared on the surface of the gold layer for detection of the uric acid using the surface plasmon resonance technique. The X-ray diffraction spectrum and the field emission scanning electron microscopy image for polypyrrole-graphene quantum dots layer confirmed the graphene quantum dots scattered on the surface of the polymer and the nanocomposite layer formed on the surface of thin gold layer in the thickness of 13.3 nm. The minimum concentration of uric acid that was detected by the sensing layer was about 1 ppm and the affinity constant of polypyrrole-graphene quantum dots for detection of uric acid was larger than the affinity constant for detection of ascorbic acid and glucose. The response of the polypyrrole-graphene quantum dots is larger than the response of polypyrrole for the detection of uric acid.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Surface plasmon resonance
  topic: keywords
subject: polypyrrole-graphene quantum dots
  topic: keywords
subject: uric acid
  topic: keywords
subject: glucose
  topic: keywords
subject: ascorbic acid
  topic: keywords
creator: Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini
creator: Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-07-01
publication date: 2021-07-01
starting page: 63
ending page: 70
doi: 10.30495/ijbbo.2021.689782

Investigation of Skin Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy
type: item
description: This study investigated skin toxicity in breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. The study was conducted in 1401 at a radiation therapy center in Yazd city and included 30 patients who underwent radiation therapy using conventional and hypofractionation methods, and in which the whole or part of the breast was exposed to radiation. Skin complications of grade skin toxicity during treatment and within 40 days after radiotherapy were evaluated in both methods. Results showed that the four people (26.6%) had grade three and the six people (40.0%) had grade two skin toxicity, with conventional treatment causing more skin complications compared to hypofractionation, which caused fewer skin complications without reducing efficacy. Additionally, the ratio of skin complications in the conventional technique was higher than in the hypofractionation technique after 40 days of radiation therapy. The study concluded that hypofractionation results in fewer skin complications than conventional treatment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Breast cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiation therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypo fractionation
  topic: keywords
subject: Conventional
  topic: keywords
subject: Skin toxicity
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Bayatzadeh
creator: Sharifeh Shahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-10-18
publication date: 2023-10-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.1992444.1028

Simulation of Surface Flux Received Through Breast Tumor Radiation Therapy with MCNPX Code
type: item
description: In radiation therapy, investigating of the effects of the surface flux reaching on the tissue is important in planning the treatment and this requires a precise evaluation of the absorbed dose distribution throughout the irradiated tissue. Therefore, by Monte Carlo simulation with MCNP code, a point source with the size of E with a spectrum width of 0.6 µm with a single energy transfer of 6 MeV to the breast tumor tissue with a size of 2 x 4 x 4 cm and also a density (Kg/m^3) of 11.34 at a fixed depth of 3 cm. It is radiated from a standard phantom (VIP MAN) made of tissue. The results show the highest surface flux that received on the tumor is around 9.97 × 〖10〗^(-6) and is located almost in the center of the tumor in dimensions (-0.75 cm - 1.3 cm) and the less surface flux around the tumor is caused by the rate of the dose which is distributed. Also, the template phenomenon in the creation of electrons is based on the Compton effect, while in the creation of photons, the Compton effect did not occur.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Radiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Absorbed dose distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: Breast tumor
  topic: keywords
subject: Surface flux
  topic: keywords
subject: Code MCNPX
  topic: keywords
creator: Parsa Afshin
creator: Sharifeh Shahi
creator: Farhad Azimi Far
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-10-18
publication date: 2023-10-18
starting page: 9
ending page: 16
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.1992892.1030

Photocatalytic Removal of Ceftriaxone from Aqueous Solutions Using g-C3N4
type: item
description: Ceftriaxone is a one of Pharmaceutical compounds that cause pollution of water. In this research, g-C3N4 photocatalyst was synthesized and its efficiency in removal of ceftriaxone was studied. The synthesized g-C3N4 was analyzed using XRD, FTIR, FESEM,EDS and dot mapping. The effect of initial concentration of ceftriaxone, dosage of photocatalyst, irradiation time and pH was studied and based on these results, the highest removal efficiency of ceftriaxone from water was obtained about 83.4% at the concentration of 20 mg/L, pH=2 , 0.25 g/500 mL of g-C3N4 photocatalyst at 50 min of irradiation time. This study confirmed that g-C3N4 photocatalyst can be efficiently removed of ceftriaxone from water.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Removal
  topic: keywords
subject: Photocatalyst
  topic: keywords
subject: Recovery
  topic: keywords
subject: Ceftriaxone
  topic: keywords
subject: g- C3N4
  topic: keywords
creator: Parvin Gharbani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-10-22
publication date: 2023-10-22
starting page: 17
ending page: 22
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.1993510.1031

Detection of the Blood Hemoglobin Using an Electro-optical Biosensor Based on a Structurally Chiral Medium
type: item
description: In this work, a biosensor based on a structurally chiral medium (SCM) under the effect of a low-frequency electric field has been designed to detect blood hemoglobin. The introduced structure is irradiated with a circularly polarized light under an electro-optical Pockels effect. A photonic band gap is observed in the transmission spectrum of the right-handed circularly polarized waves, which indicates the circular Bragg phenomenon. The sensor consists of a sample layer sandwiched between two identical SCMs. Sensor performance is evaluated using the transfer matrix method (TMM). The results show that the defect mode is sensitive to any change in the refractive index of the defect layer where the defect layer is infiltrated with samples with different concentrations of blood hemoglobin. Also, it is shown that applying a low-frequency electric field increases the sensitivity of the mentioned sensor. It is observed that the sensitivity can be expanded up to 142.66 nm/RIU by changing the various parameters of the SCM.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Photonic Band Gap
  topic: keywords
subject: Structurally chiral medium
  topic: keywords
subject: Blood hemoglobin
  topic: keywords
subject: Circularly polarized light
  topic: keywords
subject: Electro-optical Pockels effect
  topic: keywords
creator: Amir Madani
creator: Nadia Ghorani
creator: Samad Roshan Entezar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-20
publication date: 2024-01-20
starting page: 23
ending page: 30
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.1998979.1035

Fluence and Wavelength Optimization of Pulsed Laser in Photothermal Therapy
type: item
description: The ability of Plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs) to efficiently convert absorbed light energy into localized heat has made them a popular choice for photothermal medical applications. However, during the photothermal process, the diffusion of localized heat can lead to temperature management challenges. To address this issue, researchers have developed a new generation of PNPs incorporating optical phase transition materials, allowing for tunable photothermal responses without altering the geometry. This tunability is achieved through rapid changes in optical and thermal properties during phase transitions. In this study, we conducted a numerical analysis on the photothermal response of a VO2@Au smart nanoshell in both tumor and healthy liver tissue under irradiation with a nanosecond (5 ns) pulsed laser. To obtain the temperature profile, we solved a coupling problem between electromagnetism and thermodynamics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Medical Applications
  topic: keywords
subject: Pulsed Laser
  topic: keywords
subject: Plasmonic Nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Photothermal
  topic: keywords
subject: VO2@Au
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanoshell
  topic: keywords
creator: Rasoul Malekfar
creator: Neda Amjadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-02-02
publication date: 2024-02-02
starting page: 31
ending page: 42
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2024.2003311.1038

Automatic Design and 3D Segmentation of Mandible Bone Using CNN Algorithm via Exclusive GUI
type: item
description: Nowadays scientists are looking for decreasing dental faults by presenting new approaches.It is obvious that comprehensive information about the anatomic position of the inferior alveolar neuralcanal is essential to have the most ideal mandible surgery or systemic tooth implant. Accordingly, wepresent a new approach in this article that can be used to have 3D segmentation and recognition of thementioned canal in mandible by CBCT image. This approach includes two main steps. In the first step,we train a full convolutional 3D net (FCN) to reach the ability of section recognition, which can recognizethe relevant area of mandible bone. And in the next step, we define a 3D U-net, which is similar to FCN,to segment the inferior Alveolar neural (IAN) canal from the lower jaw. Evaluated on publicly availabledatasets, our method achieved an average Dice coefficient of 86.61%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Segmentation
  topic: keywords
subject: FCN
  topic: keywords
subject: Mandible
  topic: keywords
subject: Alveolar neural canal
  topic: keywords
subject: CBCT
  topic: keywords
subject: U-net
  topic: keywords
creator: Nadia MehradKia
creator: Shakiba Mohammadi
creator: Sayedali Mousavi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-02-05
publication date: 2024-02-05
starting page: 43
ending page: 50
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2024.1997685.1037

Reduced Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa by Silver Modified Iron Oxide
type: item
description: Objectives and Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen. Considering the importance of biofilm in pathogenicity and resistance of these bacteria, efforts should be made to find new antibacterial compounds.Methods: The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and were modified by the AgNO3 reductive solution to investigate influencing of Ag-Fe3O4 nanoparticles on biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. The synthesized nanoparticles properties were determined by FESEM, DLS, FTIR, XRD and Zeta potential tests. Results: FESEM and DLS revealed the cubic and smooth structure with average size of 44.36 nm. XRD analyzes confirmed the presence of magnetite core. FTIR spectrum determined the existence of silver plating on the magnetic surface. The Zeta potential results indicated that the magnetic nanoparticle’s surface net charge was 24.4 and the surface net charge for silver modified nanoparticles was -28.3. Finally, after separating 40 isolates of P. aeruginosa among 82 clinical isolates as strong biofilm producers, then the inhibitory effect of synthesised Ag- Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the formation of biofilms was studied using the broth micro-dilution method.Conclusions: Accordingly, it was proved that Ag-Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be used to treat biofilm infections and were introduced as the new antimicrobial agents
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biofilm
  topic: keywords
subject: Composite
  topic: keywords
subject: Iron oxide nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: P. aeruginosa
  topic: keywords
subject: Ag-Fe3O4 nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
creator: Davoud kabudanian
creator: Raheleh Safaei javan
creator: Shohreh Zare karizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-10-01
publication date: 2023-10-01
starting page: 51
ending page: 62
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2024.2004867.1039

Simulation-based Optimization of Chemotherapeutic Drug Dosage: An Agent-based Q-learning Approach
type: item
description: Cancer is indeed a growing concern worldwide for human health and existence, with its prevalence and impact on individuals and society increasing. Main objective of this article is to control and optimize drug dosage in order to prevent the uncontrollable growth of cancer cells and also restore the patient's immune cells to normal levels at the end of the training process. In such a way that the disease can be controlled in the early days of treatment. Reinforcement learning methods are widely applied in many domains nowadays and have attracted researchers' interest in conducting studies in this field. Therefore, in this article, specifically we also use the Q-learning method, one of the most famous model-free reinforcement learning methods, as well as the four-state nonlinear dynamic model called depillis, to simulate and design the proposed controller. Proposed controller's performance was evaluated in the presence of noise in three stages (training, simulation, and both stages simultaneously) as well as in the presence of uncertainty in one of the parameters of the depillis model. In state of uncertainty, a combination therapy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy has been suggested as a treatment approach.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Reinforcement Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Q-Learning.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamid Sadrian
creator: Peyman vafadoost Sabzevar
creator: Ahmad Hajipour
creator: Hamidreza Rokhsati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-02-02
publication date: 2025-02-02
starting page: 31
ending page: 48
doi: 10.71498/ijbbe.2024.1127216

Design Sensitive Plasmonic Based 1D Photonic Crystal Biosensor with Graphene-two Metal Layer
type: item
description: In the present paper , we propose surface plasmon resonance biosensor in combination with a photonic crystal that works based on changing the refractive index of the biomaterial using the transfer matrix method to diagnose blood components. The proposed biosensor structure is (TiO2/ SiO2)^2 / silver/ gold/ graphene , which gives a narrow angular reflectivity resonance. The performance parameters of biosensor such as sensitivity, detection accuracy reported. Our results show that the sensitivity of the proposed configuration is 150 deg /RIU, which is acceptable compared to the values reported in previous studies and shows better performance of the proposed biosensor.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biosensor
  topic: keywords
subject: Graphene
  topic: keywords
subject: Photonic crystal
  topic: keywords
subject: Surface plasmon resonance
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensitivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Sharifi
creator: Sadeq Mohammed Ameen Mahmood
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-07-01
publication date: 2023-07-01
starting page: 73
ending page: 78
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.1991561.1027

Optical Coherence Tomography: A Brief Review
type: item
description: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging technique with a significant role in the field of medicine. It is a light-based non-invasive imaging method that provides high quality cross-sectional and volumetric images. OCT technology was introduced in the early 1990s and advanced to produce quicker obtaining times and higher resolution. In this article we discuss some of the recent advancements in OCT imaging systems. We will review a brief history and first operating principles including light coherence interferometry (LCI), time domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) contains two types: spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Also we review recent emerging innovative OCT systems including Doppler OCT, polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), high resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT), full field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT), wide field optical coherence tomography (WF-OCT), optical coherence elastography (OCE), adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT), visible light optical coherence tomography (Vis-OCT), intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT), hand-held optical coherence tomography (HH-OCT), and OCT in needle format.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cross-sectional imaging
  topic: keywords
subject: Low coherence interferometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Superluminescent light emitting diodes
  topic: keywords
subject: Ocular imaging
  topic: keywords
subject: Optical coherence microscopy
  topic: keywords
creator: Nasser Moslehi Milani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-09-22
publication date: 2023-09-22
starting page: 57
ending page: 72
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.1993913.1032

Effect of Protein Corona Formation on Photonic Response of Upconverting Nanoparticles
type: item
description: NaYF4:Yb,Er is one of the efficient and well-known upconverting materials which emit photoluminescence light at 545 nm and 660 nm under an excitation of 980 nm. In this study, up-conversion nanoparticles using thermal decomposition method have been synthesized and characterized and phase transition from organic to aquas by synthesis a SiO2 shell have done successfully. The results show that the nonlinearity response of NaYF4: Yb, Er@SiO2 is same as NaYF4: Yb, Er and SiO2 has no effect on emission peaks it means that these nanoparticles are suitable for biomedical applications. Since it is necessary to know the photoluminescent behavior of UCNPs@SiO2 particles, thereby the fluorescence properties of up-conversion nanoparticles with SiO2 shell have been investigated in PBS, normal and cancerous human blood plasma. The results indicate that UCNP@SiO2 can be applicable in biological medias for therapy and diagnostic.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nonlinear Photoresponse
  topic: keywords
subject: Up-conversion Nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Protein Corona
  topic: keywords
subject: Corona Formation
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Blood Plasma
  topic: keywords
subject: Near-infrared
  topic: keywords
creator: Nahid Ghazyani
creator: Mohammad Hossien Majles Ara
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-09-22
publication date: 2023-09-22
starting page: 49
ending page: 56
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.1985468.1025

Application of Near-Infrared Responsive Nano-Carrier for Controlled Drug Delivery: Synthesis, Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
type: item
description: Due to the importance of selecting an appropriate strategy in drug delivery systems, numerous studies have been performed to support this process. However, there are still major obstacles associated with the targeted drug delivery to cancer tissues. Hence, the main focus of this study is to develop the current cancer therapies by using drug delivery systems. To achieve this goal, we have synthesized a near-infrared light responsive drug carrier based on WS2 nano-sheets, which can be a good candidate for applications such as drug delivery vehicle and chemo-photothermal treatments. In this study, a rapid and economy synthesis method was employed to modify the nano-sheets of WS2 for targeted drug delivery of bicalutamide as a prostate anti-cancer drug. The investigation of adsorption isotherm was fitted well by Langmuir model (qmax = 15.87 mg g-1). The evaluation of adsorption kinetic was better expressed by pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2=0.9998). In-vitro drug release study was performed more rapid and complete in simulated blood fluid (pH=7.4) at 50°C than 37°C. Besides, the activity of the produced nano-carrier was examined under near-infrared light irradiation (at 808 nm). The drug release data were investigated through Zero-order, First-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Korsmeyer–Peppas mathematical models.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Thermo-sensitive polymer
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Bicalutamide
  topic: keywords
subject: In-vitro drug release
  topic: keywords
subject: WS2 nano-sheets
  topic: keywords
subject: Near-infrared light irradiation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammadreza Mahdavijalal
creator: Homayon Ahmad Panahi
creator: Ali Niazi
creator: Atefeh Tamaddon
creator: Elham Moniri
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-07-01
publication date: 2021-07-01
starting page: 51
ending page: 62
doi: 10.30495/ijbbo.2021.689781

The Study of Plasmonic Biosensors based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometry
type: item
description: Fano resonance is a branch of surface plasmonics that has become a hot topic in sensing due to its asymmetric response spectrum, field enhancement effect and high sensitivity to refractive index (RI). In this research a plasmonic biosensor has been designed and simulated based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The simulations show that, the designed biosensor is able to detect changes of the RI of the surrounding media. The refractive indices (RIs) selected in this paper cover a wide range of RIs for biological samples. However, it is possible to accommodate media with RIs other than those in this specific range. The biosensor's sensing performance embedded in the sample has been tested in different conditions. Different frequencies can be achieved by changing the sample RI.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biosensor
  topic: keywords
subject: Fano Resonance
  topic: keywords
subject: Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
  topic: keywords
subject: Plasmonic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensitivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Surface-Plasmon-polariton
  topic: keywords
creator: Reza Kheradmand
creator: Tanin Kazemzadeh
creator: Fariba Lotfi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-10-01
publication date: 2022-10-01
starting page: 37
ending page: 40
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.699251

Investigation of the Nonlinear Refractive Index of MCF7 and MCF10A Breast Cell Lines for Optical Diagnosis
type: item
description: To demonstrate that the Z-scan technique is a reliable approach for diagnosing normal and cancer cells, the absorption coefficient (α), nonlinear refractive index (n2) of normal (MCF10A) and cancer cell lines (MCF7) were examined. According to our findings of the optical properties of cells, cancer cells shown to have higher linear absorption coefficient than normal cells as well as nonlinear refractive index (n2) of different signs but the same order of (10-7 cm2/W). This method is a quick method for differentiating between normal and cancerous breast cells, making it suitable for use in clinical stages in the future. This is because of the obvious fundamental difference between the optical behavior of normal and cancer cells, as well as the affordability, the potential for reproducibility without compromising sample quality, and the high accuracy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cancer Diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Linear Absorption
  topic: keywords
subject: MCF7
  topic: keywords
subject: MCF10A
  topic: keywords
subject: Optical Coefficients
  topic: keywords
subject: Z-scan Technique
  topic: keywords
creator: Bahareh Khaksar Jalali
creator: Somayeh Salmani Shik
creator: Latifeh Karimzadeh Bardee
creator: sharifeh shahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-10-01
publication date: 2022-10-01
starting page: 41
ending page: 50
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.699380

1D Photonic Crystal-Based Biosensor for Multiple Biomarkers Detection
type: item
description: In this paper, a highly sensitive 1D photonic crystal (1DPC) based biosensor is introduced and theoretically studied using the transfer matrix method, which has the capability of detecting multiple biomarkers, simultaneously. An m by n gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens array is introduced to the center of a 1DPC structure as a defect layer that is surrounded by two microfluidic channels. By irradiating a natural light source to the structure, a multiple array of the concentric rainbow appears on the output plane. The frequency range of these rainbows is highly dependent on the effective refractive index of the fluid inside the two microfluidic channels. By functionalizing the surfaces around the channels with an m by n antibody array along with the interaction of the various biomarkers, each element of the rainbow array displays the changes in the concentration of a different biomarker. Any change in the concentration of the biomarkers can cause a variation in the effective refractive index of the fluid and thus lead to a shift in the generated rainbow frequency range of the output. The size and number of the generated rainbow array may be engineered by using the central defect layer's refractive index distribution function.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biosensors
  topic: keywords
subject: Defect layers
  topic: keywords
subject: Gradient refractive index lenses
  topic: keywords
subject: One-dimensional photonic crystals
  topic: keywords
subject: Transfer matrix method
  topic: keywords
creator: Farzaneh Bayat
creator: Kazem Jamshidi-Ghaleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-10-01
publication date: 2022-10-01
starting page: 51
ending page: 58
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.699745

Simulation of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels Behavior During Infrared Neural Inhibition (INI)
type: item
description: Infrared (IR) radiation is a non-invasive method to reduce neural responses, while its mechanism is still unclear. Here, using the modified Hodgkin-Huxley model, the effects of IR light on the parameters participating in the action potential (AP) blocking are investigated to study the mechanism of infrared neural inhibition (INI). Considering the temperature dependence neural model, the voltage membrane changing, ion currents variation and ion channels activation/inactivation gates behavior under IR pulses are studied. The results show that IR pulses can successfully block APs and confirm that potassium ion currents have an influential role in suppressing APs. Moreover, it is shown that infrared light during the suppression of AP has little effect on increasing the sodium ion currents. However, it seems that sodium ion channel gates play an effective role during INI. It is observed that infrared light increases the rate of opening and closing of activation/inactivation gates of ion channels. This study also presents why the suppression of action potentials continues after the end of the IR pulse. It seems this is related to the incomplete refractory period of AP, which is probably due to the disturbance in the reopening of the sodium channel inactivation gate (h-gate). The current report helps to improve the IR laser medical applications for reducing nerve pain.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Action potential
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrared
  topic: keywords
subject: Neural block
  topic: keywords
subject: on channel
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamamd Ali Ansari
creator: Hassan Tajarehnejad Abdollahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-10-01
publication date: 2022-10-01
starting page: 59
ending page: 68
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.700339

New-generation of PDMS-based Lenses for Color Blindness management
type: item
description: Being a Color blindness or color vision deficiency (CVD) is a type of ocular disorder that prevents the recognizing the special colors. Until now, the certain cure for CVD has not been discovered. Recently, glasses and contact lenses based on chemical dyes were investigated as promising tools for color vision deficiency management. In this work, we proposed the plasmonic PDMS-based lenses to improve the red-green color vision deficiency. We utilized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for fabricating the lens which is a biocompatible, nontoxic, stretchable, and transparent material and will be a suitable option for producing the contact lenses. Finally, the suggested contact lens based on PDMS was immersed in a HAuCl4·3H2O gold solution. Our suggested plasmonic lens is based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and plasmonic gold nanoparticles dispersed in the produced contact lens based on PDMS suggest a suitable color filter for CVD improvement. The fabricated contact lens suggests perfect features including biocompatibility, durability, and stretchability, that will be helpful for color vision deficiency management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Color blindness
  topic: keywords
subject: Contact lens
  topic: keywords
subject: Color vision deficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Gold nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Plasmonic
  topic: keywords
creator: Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi
creator: Neda Roostaei
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2022-10-01
publication date: 2022-10-01
starting page: 31
ending page: 36
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.1962511.1011

The liquid environment effect on photoluminescence properties of carbon nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation method in liquids with possible biocompatibility applications
type: item
description: Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were prepared by nanosecond laser ablation of graphite powder in liquid. The effect of the liquid medium on photoluminescence (PL) efficiency and wavelength range were studied experimentally. Four solvents, polyethylene glycol, diethanolamine, diethylamine, and ethylenediamine were used as liquid platforms in the synthesis process. Analyzing the chemical components and optical spectral characterization of CNPs was carried out by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. Moreover, the size of CNPs was estimated by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Liquid components are determined to be a key factor affecting PL properties and nanoparticle size. The results are valuable in practical applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbon nanoparticle
  topic: keywords
subject: Fluorescent
  topic: keywords
subject: Laser ablation in liquids
  topic: keywords
subject: Photoluminescence
  topic: keywords
subject: Biocompatibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Rasoul Malekfar
creator: Samad Moemen Bellah
creator: Fatemeh Kazemizadeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2023-07-01
publication date: 2023-07-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.30495/ijbbe.2023.703605

Photodynamic therapy for melanoma: a multifaceted anti-cancer treatment against malignant melanoma
type: item
description: The treatment of patients with malignant melanoma remains complex and unsatisfactory. Conventional treatment strategies have been approximately ineffective. Dacarbazine (DTIC) is identified as one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs against melanoma with a response rate of around 15–20%. Numerous patients with melanoma who primarily respond to surgery subsequently relapse. Obviously, there is an essential need for better identification, and the improvement of potential treatments is warranted. One such treatment is photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which an agent (photosensitizer, PS) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) post-irradiation of cancer cells (containing PS). This study reviews the current discovered potential of PDT and their combinations in treating metastatic melanoma and discusses the impact of different PDT strategies on this cancer. Based on different studies, we realize that PDT at different strategies has shown powerful anti-cancer effects on reducing cell viability, metastasis ability, and the induction of apoptosis in different types of melanomas (in vitro and/or in vivo studies). Importantly, promising outcomes have been reported in the reduction of recurrence rate after PDT-treatment. Also, PDT is a manageable therapeutic approach that may offer an additional powerful option for adjuvant therapy of patients with melanoma.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Malignant melanoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Photodynamic therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Adjuvant therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Metastasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Apoptosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Neda Rajabi
creator: Mahsa Gholizadeh
creator: Sanaz Baghban Khoshechin
creator: Mohammad Amin Doustvandi
creator: Fateme Mohammadnejad
creator: Habib Tajalli
creator: Behzad Baradaran
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-07-01
publication date: 2021-07-01
starting page: 35
ending page: 50
doi: 10.30495/ijbbo.2021.686476

Designing real-time biosensors and chemical sensors based on symmetrical photonic crystal heterostructures
type: item
description: In this paper, we introduce and analytically demonstrate a novel biosensor based on the light-matter interaction in a classic topological photonic crystal (PC) heterostructure, which consists of two opposite-facing 5-period PCs separated by a microfluidic channel. Because of the excitation of topological edge mode (TEM) at the interface of the two PCs, the strong coupling between incident light and TEM produces a high-quality resonance peak, which can be used to detect very small changes in the refractive index of biomaterials such as Jurkat Cells inside the microfluidic channel. The proposed biosensor has a sensitivity as high as 240 nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) higher than 250.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biosensor
  topic: keywords
subject: Photonic Crystals
  topic: keywords
subject: Topological Edge Modes
  topic: keywords
subject: Light-Matter interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Transfer Matrix Method
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Sharifi
creator: Habib Tajalli
creator: Hamid Pashaei Adl
creator: Payman Tajalli
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-07-01
publication date: 2021-07-01
starting page: 21
ending page: 28
doi: 10.30495/ijbbo.2021.689422