OICC Press International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development 2159-5860 14 4 2026 07 26 Investigation of the Dust Effect on the Technical Efficiency of Irrigated Wheat Production in Five Selected Provinces in Iran 10.71877/ijamad.2024.8279 EN Nasibeh Zarei Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Iran Mahmood Saboohi Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Iran Mahmood Daneshvar Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Iran Naser Shahnoushi Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Iran Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam Ago-technology dept. Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal Article 2026 07 26 This article investigates the dust effect on the technical efficiency of wheat production in major wheat producing provinces of Iran – Khuzestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Hormozgan, and Lorestan provinces in Iran. In this regard, the non-parametric Window Data Envelopment Analysis (WDEA) approach and panel Tobit model were used from 2010 to 2018. Considering five years in each window, the average technical efficiency of 5 windows was evaluated in each province. The results of the WDEA model indicate that Kermanshah province has the highest average efficiency (0.92). Likewise, the lowest average efficiency in Windows (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) belong to Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces, respectively. Four forms of the Cobb-Douglas, generalized quadratic, transcendental, and translog functions were evaluated to estimate the second model, and based on the goodness of fit criteria, the transcendental function was selected as the preferred function. The results of the panel Tobit model show that the number of dusty days has an adverse and effect on the average irrigated wheat production efficiency. In this regard, recommended to use smart agriculture to manage wheat fields, tackle the challenges and issues in insurance of agricultural products by changing the laws and increasing investment in the agricultural insurance fund.