OICC Press International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development 2159-5860 8 1 2018 03 01 Energy Flows Modeling and Economic Evaluation of Watermelon Production in Fars Province of Iran 65 79 EN Sajad Rostami Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Shahrekord University Maryam Lotfalian Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Shahrekord University Bahram Hosseinzadeh Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering, Shahrekord University Mehdi Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanics of BiosystemShahrekord University Journal Article 2018 03 01 This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of energy consumption and economic analysis of different watermelon cultivation systems in Fars Province of Iran. Watermelon production systems were classified into five systems, namely, custom tillage (group 1), conservation tillage (group 2), traditional planting (group 3), semi-mechanized planting (group 4), and mechanized planting (group 5). Data were collected from 317 watermelon producers from different parts of the province through face-to-face interviews. Multi-Layer Perceptron artificial neural networks were used to model the energy flows of watermelon production. The results showed that the greatest energy consumption belonged to the mechanized planting system with the value of 81317.72 MJha-1 and with the productivity of 0.61 kgha-1 and an energy use efficiency of 1.17. Clustering function with three inputs (human resources, machines, and diesel fuel) showed that the difference between groups 2 and 4 is more than the other groups. The least energy consumption belonged to the conservative agriculture as78163.86 MJha-1, and the energy productivity and energy use efficiency about 0.64 kgha-1 and 1.22, respectively. The results of energy modelling showed that an ANN model with 9-10-1 structure was determined to be optimal for energy flow modelling of this system. Generally, it was concluded that the artificial neural network models can be applicable to prognosticate the energy flows of watermelon production. From an economic point of view, the least net profit belonged to traditional planting with the value of 2618.14$, and the most net return belonged to mechanized planting with the value of 2752.88$/ha.