10.57647/gcr-2024-si-sy25

More than Museums: Care for Natural and Cultural Heritage in Australia

PDF HTML
  • Sally Hurst*1,
  • Mark W. Moore2,
  • Andrew Simpson3,
  • Steven W. Salisbury4,
  • Steven Ahoy5,
  • Cheryl Kitchener6,
  • Marissa J. Betts7,
  1. School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
  2. Archaeology and Palaeoanthropology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
  3. Chau Chak Wing Museum, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
  4. School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
  5. Anaiwan Elder, Cultural Heritage Advisor, Estate and Built Environment, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia, 2351
  6. Anaiwan Elder, Knowledge Holder, former Director Armidale Aboriginal Cultural Centre and Keeping Place, Armidale, NSW, Australia, 2351
  7. LLUNE/Palaeoscience Research Centre, Division of Earth Sciences, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
More than Museums: Care for Natural and Cultural Heritage in Australia
Categories

Received: 2024-02-28

Revised: 2024-06-09

Accepted: 2024-08-06

Published 2024-12-03

Copyright (c) 2024 @Authors

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Hurst, S., Moore, M. W., Simpson, A., Salisbury, S. W., Ahoy, S., Kitchener, C., & Betts, M. J. (2024). More than Museums: Care for Natural and Cultural Heritage in Australia. Geoconservation Research, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.57647/gcr-2024-si-sy25
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

PDF views: 99

HTML views: 22

Abstract

Fossils and First Nations artifacts are both physical remains that demonstrate the deep history of the Earth and its inhabitants. Modern museums have become the places where both of these kinds of natural and cultural heritage are often stored. Yet, many museums carry baggage of institutional distrust, rooted in damaging colonial practices that rely on extractive approaches to research and collection. These practices have encouraged the separation of paleontological and cultural collections and knowledge, and have often excluded First Nations voices from their exhibitions and research practices, Here, we explore the role of museums and their relationship with paleontological objects and sites in Australia and their relationship with First Nations peoples and heritage. We analyze the results of the ‘Found a Fossil’ survey, and describe three case studies; paleontological and cultural cross-over with dinosaur tracks in the West Kimberley region of Western Australia, the digital Museum of Stone Tools initiative, and the Rola[Stone] documentary film project, both based on Anaiwan Country in New South Wales, Australia. Acknowledging the innate duality of objects and places promotes elevated complexity in the way they are understood, studied, managed, legislated and curated. It is essential that First Nations stories, places, and objects be centered with fossils and geological materials to simultaneously tell the story of life on Earth, and in Australia, the story of the oldest living cultures in the world.

Keywords

  • Paleontology,
  • Archaeology,
  • Museums,
  • Heritage Conservation,
  • Australia,
  • First Nations,
  • Fossils,
  • Artifacts
PDF HTML

References

  1. ABC News (2022, January 8). NSW farmer’s fossil discovery opens window to ancient ecosystems. ABC News. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-08/nsw-farmer-fossil-discovery-opens-window-to-ancient-ecosystems/100745850?fbclid=IwAR0r_YR2KzeRMCenXoYTNsoJxISd9p8Tgh-t46e_0e303wQgvlmSZIaFIs4
  2. Akerman K (2009). Interaction between humans and megafauna depicted in Australian rock art? Antiquity 83(322): 1–4.
  3. Allpress JA, Barlow FK, Brown R, Louis WR (2010). Atoning for colonial injustices: Group-based ahame and guilt motivate support for reparation. International Journal of Conflict and Violence. 4(1): 75–88. https://doi.org/10.4119/ijcv-2816
  4. Alvarado-Ortega J, Cuevas-García M, Cantalice K (2018). The fossil fishes of the archaeological site of Palenque, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 17: 462–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.11.029
  5. Ander E, Thomson L, Noble G, Lanceley A, Menon U, Chatterjee H (2013). Heritage, health and well-being: assessing the impact of a heritage focused intervention on health and well-being. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 19: 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2011.651740
  6. Anderson C, Fletcher HO (1934). The Cuddie Spring bone bed. The Australian Museum Magazine. 5(5): 152–158.
  7. Aplin G (2009). Australian Attitudes to Heritage. Australian Quarterly. 81(1): 19–24.
  8. Artelle KA, Zurba M, Bhattacharyya J, Chan DE, Brown K, Housty J, Moola F (2019). Supporting resurgent Indigenous-led governance: A nascent mechanism for just and effective conservation. Biological Conservation. 240: 108284.
  9. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2023). Agricultural commodities, Australia, 2021-22 financial year. Retrieved 5 February 2024, from https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/industry/agriculture/agricultural-commodities-australia/latest-release
  10. Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy (2023). About Kati Thanda–Lake Eyre Basin. Retrieved 6 May 2024, from https://www.dcceew.gov.au/water/policy/national/lake-eyre-basin/about
  11. Badiali F, Piacente S (2012). The study of the landscape: From a holistic approach to a social concept of knowledges. Annals of Geophysics = Annali Di Geofisica. 55(3): 481–486. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-5539
  12. Baker S, Cantillon Z (2020). Safeguarding Australia’s community heritage sector: A consideration of the institutional wellbeing of volunteer-managed galleries, libraries, archives, museums and historical societies. Australian Historical Studies. 51: 70-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/1031461X.2019.1659836
  13. Balfour H (1929a). Concerning thunderbolts. Folklore. 40(1): 37–49.
  14. Balfour H (1929b). Concerning thunderbolts (continued). Folklore. 40(2): 167–172.
  15. Banfield A, Hamilton P (2022). Arts and culture: Budget Review 2022–23. Retrieved 7 February 2024, from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview202223/ArtsCulture
  16. Bartholomai A, Molnar RE (1981). Muttaburrasaurus, a new iguanodontid (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 20(2): 319–349.
  17. Bates DM (1929). Warragunna, Jindabirr-birr, and Joogajooga; A legend of Broome. The Australasian. 1929(March 9): 6.
  18. Bednarik R (2017). Pareidolia and rock art interpretation. Anthropologie. 55: 101–177.
  19. Bell PR, Brougham T, Herne MC, Frauenfelder T, Smith ET (2019). Fostoria dhimbangunmal gen. et sp. nov., a new iguanodontian (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the mid-Cretaceous of Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39(1): e1564757. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1564757
  20. Bennett NJ (2016). Using perceptions as evidence to improve conservation and environmental management. Conservation Biology. 30(3): 582–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/COBI.12681
  21. Bennion L, Kelly-Mundine J (2021). Clashes in conservation: First Nations sites, communities and culture in Australian cultural heritage management. Journal of the Institute of Conservation. 44: 170–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2021.1969259
  22. Berlin HA (2016). Communicating science: Lessons from film. Trends in Immunology. 37(4): 256–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2016.02.006
  23. Besterman T (2014). Crossing the line: Restitution and cultural equity. In: Museums and Restitution (L Tythacott, K Arvanitis eds). Routledge, London. Retrieved from https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315596495-3/crossing-line-restitution-cultural-equity-tristram-besterman
  24. Betts MW, Blair SE, Black DW (2012). Perspectivism, mortuary symbolism, and human-shark relationships on the Maritime Peninsula. American Antiquity. 77: 621–645. https://doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.77.4.621
  25. Betts M J, Terry M (2022). ROLA[Stone]. UNESCO: International Geoscience Program. Earth Futures Festival, Sydney, Australia. Retrieved from www.rolastone.com
  26. Borrelli N, Davis P (2012). How culture shapes nature: Reflections on ecomuseum practices. Nature and Culture. 7(1): 31–47. https://doi.org/10.3167/nc.2012.070103
  27. Bradley R (2002). The Past in Prehistoric Societies. Routledge, London.
  28. Broome natives knew of dinosaur tracks (1946). The Daily News. Perth, Western Australia. 1946 (January 5): 15.
  29. Broughton JM, Weitzel EM (2018). Population reconstructions for humans and megafauna suggest mixed causes for North American Pleistocene extinctions. Nature Communications. 9(1): 5441. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07897-1
  30. Brown S (2016). Aboriginal heritage law reform in NSW: ‘no future’? Journal of the Australian Association of Consulting Archaeologists. 4(Supplement): 20–28.
  31. Brumm A (2018). Lightning teeth and Ponari sweat: Folk theories and magical uses of prehistoric stone axes (and adzes) in Island Southeast Asia and the origin of thunderstone beliefs. Australian Archaeology. 84(1): 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2018.1468059
  32. Burton R, Cameron VL (1883). To the Gold Coast for Gold. Chatto, Windus, London. Retrieved from https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Gold-Coast-2-volumes-Burton-Richard/30927767784/bd
  33. Cane S (2013). First footprints: the epic story of the first Australians. Allen, Unwin, Sydney. Retrieved from https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130000798100409728
  34. Carelli P (1997). Thunder and lightning, magical miracles: on the popular myth of thunderbolts and the presence of Stone Age artefacts in medieval deposits. In: Visions of the Past: Trends and Traditions in Swedish Medieval Archaeology (H Andersson, P Carelli, L Ersgård eds). Lund University Central Board of Antiquities and Institute of Archaeology, Lund.
  35. Carr C, Case DT (2005). Gathering Hopewell: Society, Ritual and Ritual Interaction. Springer, New York.
  36. Charpentier V, Adnet S, Cappetta H (2020). The tooth of a giant sea creature Otodus (Megaselachus) in the material culture of Neolithic maritime hunter-gatherers at Sharbithat (Sultanate of Oman). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. 30: 835–842. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.2914
  37. Chatterjee H, Vreeland S, Noble G (2009). Museopathy: Exploring the healing potential of handling museum objects. Museum and Society. 7: 164–177.
  38. Clarkson C, Jacobs Z, Marwick B, Fullagar R, Wallis L, Smith M, Roberts RG, Hayes E, Lowe K, Carah X, Florin SA, McNeil J, Cox D, Arnold LJ, Hua Q, Huntley J, Brand HEA, Manne T, Fairbairn A, Shulmeister J, Lyle L, Salinas M, Page M, Connell K, Park G, Norman K, Murphy T, Pardoe C (2017). Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago. Nature. 547: 306–310. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22968
  39. Clary RM, Wandersee JH (2014). Lessons from US fossil parks for effective informal science education. Geoheritage. 6(4): 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12371-014-0116-X
  40. Colbert EH, Merrilees D (1967). Cretaceous dinosaur footprints from Western Australia. Journal of Royal Society of Western Australia. 50: 21–25.
  41. Cole H (2022). Traditional owners in dispute over government involvement in re-burial of ancient Mungo Man remains. ABC News, Sydney, March 15. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-15/dispute-over-re-burial-of-ancient-mungo-man-remains/100898100?fbclid=IwAR3nPtGvyCblflfJ3fDL557x70K6f0f9CSuhVANx4UTuU3jDUQD0qLCdT0o
  42. Colwell-Chanthaphonh C, Ferguson TJ (2006). Memory pieces and footprints: Multivocality and the meanings of ancient times and ancestral places among the Zuni and Hopi. American Anthropologist. 108(1): 148–162.
  43. Commonwealth of Australia (2011). Inclusion of a place on the National Heritage List: The West Kimberly. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. S1132.
  44. Commonwealth of Australia (2013). Cultural Gifts Program Guidelines. Attorney-General’s Department. Authorised and published by the Australian Government Attorney-General’s Department, Ministry for the Art, Canberra.
  45. Conrad J (2023). Structures for Indigenous sovereignty in research: Disrupting settler colonial methods and relations in research partnerships. Qualitative Research. 23(6): 1497–1820.
  46. Coombes A (1988). Museums and the formation of national and cultural identities. Oxford Art Journal. 11(2): 57–68.
  47. Cortés-Sánchez M, Simón-Vallejo MD, Corral J-C, Lozano-Francisco M del C, Vera-Peláez JL, Jiménez-Espejo FJ, García-Alix A, Heras C de las, Sánchez RM, Bretones García MD, Barandiarán-Maestu I, Morales-Muñiz A (2020). Fossils in Iberian prehistory: A review of the palaeozoological evidence. Quaternary Science Reviews. 250: 106676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106676
  48. Costello A (2021). Beyond the shovel and the sieve: achieving better outcomes for Aboriginal people in commercial archaeology. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management. 28(1): 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2021.1894251
  49. Csikszentmihalyi M, Rochberg-Halton E (1981). The Meaning of Things: Domestic Symbols and the Self. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  50. Cuevas-García M, Ortega Alvarado J (2012). El mar de la creación primordial. Un escenario mítico y geológico en Palenque. Arqueología Mexicana. 19(113): 32–37.
  51. Cullen-Unsworth LC, Hill R, Butler JRA, Wallace M (2012). A research process for integrating Indigenous and scientific knowledge in cultural landscapes: Principles and determinants of success in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area, Australia. Geographical Journal. 178(4): 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1475-4959.2011.00451.X
  52. Curry M (2020) Stone Adze Talisman, Laos. Museum of Stone Tools. Retrieved 14 February, 2024. https://une.pedestal3d.com/r/GKSTVlrsw
  53. Cvitanovic C, Hobday AJ, Van Kerkhoff L, Marshall NA (2015). Overcoming barriers to knowledge exchange for adaptive resource management; the perspectives of Australian marine scientists. Marine Policy. 52: 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MARPOL.2014.10.026
  54. Czebreszuk J (2003). Amber on the threshold of a world career. In: Amber in Archaeology: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Amber in Archaeology, Talsi 2001 (CW Beck, IB Loze, J Todd eds). University of Latvia, Riga.
  55. David B, Arnold LJ, Delannoy J-J, Fresløv J, Urwin C, Petchey F, McDowell MC, Mullett R, Mialanes J, Wood R, Crouch J, Berthet J, Wong VNL, Green H, Hellstrom J (2021). Late survival of megafauna refuted for Cloggs Cave, SE Australia: Implications for the Australian Late Pleistocene megafauna extinction debate. Quaternary Science Reviews. 253: 106781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106781
  56. De Borhegyi SF (1961). Shark teeth, stingray spines, and shark fishing in ancient Mexico and Central America. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. 17(3): 273–296. https://doi.org/10.1086/soutjanth.17.3.3629046
  57. Dellios A (2019). Community expectations and capturing community values in conservation management plans. Historic Environment. 31: 64–80. https://doi.org/10.3316/IELAPA.997503187687404
  58. Department of the Interior, United States of America Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act 1990 (revised 2024): Systematic Processes for Disposition or Repatriation of Native American Human Remains, Funerary Objects, Sacred Objects, and Objects of Cultural Patrimony.
  59. Dinosaur Coast Management Group (2024). What is the Dinosaur Coast? Retrieved from https://www.dinosaurcoast.org.au/the-dinosaur-coast/#songlines
  60. du Cros H (2022). Past, present and future challenges for Australia’s indigenous heritage management national policy. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development. 14: 137-159. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-04-2021-0079/FULL/PDF
  61. du Cros, H. (2024), “Past, present and future challenges for Australia’s indigenous heritage management national policy”, Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 137-159. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-04-2021-0079
  62. Eid H, Forstrom M (Eds.) (2021). Museum Innovation: Building More Equitable, Relevant and Impactful Museums. Routledge, London. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/Museum-Innovation-Building-More-Equitable-Relevant-and-Impactful-Museums/Eid-Forstrom/p/book/9780367481391
  63. Elgenius G (2014). National museums as national symbols: A survey of strategic nation-building and identity politics; nations as symbolic regimes. In: National Museums and Nation-Building in Europe, 1750-2010: Mobilization and Legitimacy, Continuity and Change (P Aronsson, G Elgenius eds). Routledge, London. Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/web-importer/uninstall-feedback/
  64. Elliott DR, Whitenack LB (2013). A Cretaceous shark tooth in glacial debris of middle Missouri. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 115(3 & 4): 102–106. https://doi.org/10.1660/062.115.0302
  65. Estcourt D (2022). Sacred ground: Dispute over Aboriginal landmark pits landowner against journalist, musician. The Age, Victoria, April 17. Retrieved from https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/sacred-ground-dispute-over-aboriginal-landmark-pits-landowner-against-journalist-musician-20220414-p5adfo.html?fbclid=IwAR3p-WPdrQ12u2uy9rnHZl3Kv1kp5ruLlfik-6mgHb8vX61c4Ye5gL5pUlM
  66. Evans M, Valgardsson V, Jennings W, Stoker G (2020). Political Trust and Democracy in Times of Coronavirus: Is Australia Still the Lucky Country? Democracy 2025, Canberra. Retrieved from https://apo.org.au/node/306959
  67. Faraone CA (2014). Inscribed Greek thunderstones as house- and body-amulets in Roman imperial times. Kernos. Revue Internationale et Pluridisciplinaire de Religion Grecque Antique. 27: 257–284. https://doi.org/10.4000/kernos.2283
  68. Fforde C (1997). Controlling the dead: an analysis of the collecting and repatriation of aboriginal human remains. PhD, University of Southampton. Retrieved from https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/463281/
  69. Field J, Wroe S, Trueman CN, Garvey J, Wyatt-Spratt S (2013). Looking for the archaeological signature in Australian Megafaunal extinctions. Quaternary International. 285: 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.04.013
  70. Fillios M, Field J, Charles B (2010). Investigating human and megafauna co-occurrence in Australian prehistory: Mode and causality in fossil accumulations at Cuddie Springs. Quaternary International. 211(1): 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.04.003
  71. First Peoples - State Relations (2021, October 6). Fact sheet: Aboriginal Places on private property. Retrieved 5 February 2024, from https://www.firstpeoplesrelations.vic.gov.au/fact-sheet-aboriginal-places-private-property
  72. Frost S (2019). ‘A Bastion of Colonisation’: Public Perceptions of the British Museum and its Relationship to Empire. Third Text. 33(4–5): 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/09528822.2019.1653075
  73. Found a Fossil (2024). Found a Fossil: A history worth protecting. Retrieved 7 February 2024, from https://www.foundafossil.com/
  74. Gimbutas M (1985). East Baltic amber in the fourth and third millennia B.C. Journal of Baltic Studies. 16(3): 231–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778500000151
  75. Glauert L (1952). Dinosaur footprints near Broome. Western Australian Naturalist. 3(4): 82–83.
  76. Gorini R (2005). Mummies as medicinal tools. Journal of Biological Research. 80(1): 284–286.
  77. Government of South Australia (2024). Flinders Ranges World Heritage Nomination: Cultural heritage and First Nations involvement. Retrieved 5 February 2024, from https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/topics/flinders-ranges-world-heritage-nomination/cultural-heritage-first-nations-involvement
  78. Green M, Gordon P (2010). Repatriation: Australian perspectives. In: Handbook of Postcolonial Archaeology. Routledge, New York.
  79. Green S (2022). Colonisation, post-colonialism and decolonisation. In: Social Work Theory and Ethics (D Hölscher, R Hugman, D McAuliffe eds). Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3059-0_7-1
  80. Greer S (2010). Heritage and empowerment: community-based Indigenous cultural heritage in northern Australia. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 16: 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250903441754
  81. Hamm G, Mitchell P, Arnold LJ, Prideaux GJ, Questiaux D, Spooner NA, Levchenko VA, Foley EC, Worthy TH, Stephenson B, Coulthard V, Coulthard C, Wilton S, Johnston D (2016). Cultural innovation and megafauna interaction in the early settlement of arid Australia. Nature. 539(7628): 280–283. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20125
  82. Harmand S, Lewis JE, Feibel CS, Lepre CJ, Prat S, Lenoble A, Boës X, Quinn RL, Brenet M, Arroyo A, Taylor N, Clément S, Daver G, Brugal J-P, Leakey L, Mortlock RA, Wright JD, Lokorodi S, Kirwa C, Kent DV, Roche H (2015). 3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya. Nature. 521(7552): 310–315. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14464
  83. Harrington S, Creighton J (2024). Cultures of design: Nurturing design communities on common ground. In N Sheehan, DS Jones, J Creighton, S Harrington (eds), Heritage, Indigenous Doing, and Wellbeing: Voices of Country. Routledge: London.
  84. Harris B (2024). The voice to parliament. In: Indigenous Peoples and Constitutional Reform in Australia: Beyond Mere Recognition (B Harris ed). Springer Nature, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7121-3_8
  85. Heersmink R (2018). The narrative self, distributed memory, and evocative objects. Philosophical Studies. 175(8): 1829–1849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-017-0935-0
  86. Heersmink R (2022). Extended mind and artifactual autobiographical memory. Mind & Language. 37(4): 659–673. https://doi.org/10.1111/mila.12353
  87. Heersmink R (2023). Materialised identities: Cultural identity, collective memory, and artifacts. Review of Philosophy and Psychology. 14(1): 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-021-00570-5
  88. Hicks D (2020). The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution on JSTOR. Pluto Press, London, pp. 336. Retrieved from https://www-jstor-org.simsrad.net.ocs.mq.edu.au/stable/j.ctv18msmcr
  89. Hicks D (2023, April 24). Beware the Rise of Anti-Anti-Colonialism. Retrieved 12 February 2024, from http://hyperallergic.com/817528/beware-the-rise-of-anti-anti-colonialism/
  90. Higgins V, Douglas D (2020). Communities and Cultural Heritage: Global Issues, Local Values. Routledge, Oxford.
  91. Hill E (1973). ‘Kabbarli’. A personal memoir of Daisy Bates. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 173 pp.
  92. Hobbs DT, Spennemann DHR (2020). Indigenous Australian heritage on private land: an examination of guidance provided by local government authorities of NSW. Australian Planner. 56: 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2020.1854797
  93. Houlbrook C (2019). ‘The stone axe from way back’: A mutable magical object in folklore and fiction. Folklore. 130(2): 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/0015587X.2018.1515291
  94. Hudson R, Woodcock S (2022). Self-Determined First Nations Museums and Colonial Contestation: The Keeping Place. Routledge: London.
  95. Hurst S, Kosnik M, Evans L, Brock GA (2023). Found a fossil: improving awareness, engagement, and communication strategies for heritage discoveries. Journal of Science Communication. 22(5): 1–22. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.22323/2.22050203
  96. ICOM (2022). Museum definition. Retrieved 5 February 2024, from https://icom.museum/en/resources/standards-guidelines/museum-definition/
  97. Innes TS (2021). Spirit, story, symbol: Indigenous curating in the Queensland rainforest. PhD Dissertation, James Cook University.
  98. Isidiho AO, Sabran MSB (2016). Evaluating the top-bottom and bottom-up community development approaches: Mixed method approach as alternative for rural un-educated communities in developing countries. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 7: 266–273. https://doi.org/10.5901/MJSS.2016.V7N4P266
  99. Jacobs J, Small Z (2024). Leading museums remove native displays amid new federal rules. The New York Times, January 26. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/26/arts/design/american-museum-of-natural-history-nagpra.html
  100. Jago JB, Cooper BJ (2011). The Emu Bay Shale Lagerstätte: a history of investigations. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 58(3): 235–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2011.551668
  101. Johanson K (2009). The changing meaning of ‘thunderbolts’. Folklore. 42: 129–174.
  102. Johnson CN, Dortch J, Worthy TH. (2021). Interactions with Megafauna. In IJ McNiven, B David (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea (pp. 273–300). Oxford University Press: Oxford.
  103. Kingsley J, Townsend M, Henderson-Wilson C, Bolam B (2013). Developing an exploratory framework linking Australian aboriginal peoples’ connection to Country and concepts of wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 10(2): 678–698. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10020678
  104. Kuhn SL (2014). Signaling theory and technologies of communication in the Paleolithic. Biological Theory. 9(1): 42–50. hhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13752-013-0156-5
  105. Larsson L (2017). A miniature in amber of a battle-axe from the Battle-Axe Culture. Adoranten. 2017: 48–54.
  106. Lehmannová M (2020). 224 years of defining the museum. International Council of Museums. Retrieved from https://icom.museum/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020_ICOM-Czech-Republic_224-years-of-defining-the-museum.pdf
  107. Liebelt BG (2016). Aboriginal occupation traces in agricultural assemblages. PhD thesis. University of Western Australia, Perth.
  108. Liebelt BG (2020). Touching grindstones in archaeological and cultural heritage practice: materiality, affect and emotion in settler-colonial Australia. Australian Archaeology. 85(3): 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2019.1751982
  109. Lipscombe TA, Dzidic PL, Garvey DC (2020). Coloniser control and the art of disremembering a “dark history”: Duality in Australia Day and Australian history. Journal of Community, Applied Social Psychology. 30(3): 322–335. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2444
  110. Long J (1990). Dinosaurs of Australia and New Zealand and other animals of the Mesozoic era. Harvard University Press: Cambridge.
  111. Long J (1992). Cretaceous dinosaur ichnofauna from Broome, Western Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences. 9: 262.
  112. Longman HA (1926). A giant dinosaur from Durham Downs, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 8(3): 183–194.
  113. Maddison S (2011). Beyond White Guilt: The real challenge for black-white relations in Australia. Allen, Unwin, Sydney, pp. 240. Retrieved from https://www.allenandunwin.com/browse/book/Sarah-Maddison-Beyond-White-Guilt-9781742373287
  114. Mayor A (2011). The First Fossil Hunters: Dinosaurs, Mammoths, and Myth in Greek and Roman Times. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  115. Mayor A (2013). Fossil Legends of the First Americans. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  116. Mazurowski RF (1984). Amber treatment workshops of the Rzucewo Culture in Żuławy. Przegląd Archeologiczny. 32: 5–60.
  117. McAuliffe P (2021). Complicity or decolonization? Restitution of heritage from ‘global’ ethnographic museums. International Journal of Transitional Justice. 15(3): 678–689. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijab028
  118. McCalman J, Smith L (2016). Family and country: accounting for fractured connections under colonisation in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Population Research. 33(1): 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12546-016-9160-5
  119. McConnell A, Janke T, Cumpston Z, Cresswell I (2021). Australia State of the Environment 2021: Heritage. Independent report to the Australian Government Minister for the Environment, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. https://doi.org/10.26194/7w85-3w50
  120. McCormick JP, Parascandola J (1981). Dragon bones and drugstores: The interaction of pharmacy and paleontology in the search for early man in China. Pharmacy in History. 23(2): 55–70.
  121. McCurry MR, Cantrill DJ, Smith PM, Beattie R, Dettmann M, Baranov V, Magee C, Nguyen JMT, Forster MA, Hinde J, Pogson R, Wang H, Marjo CE, Vasconcelos P, Frese M (2022). A Lagerstätte from Australia provides insight into the nature of Miocene mesic ecosystems. Science Advances. 8(1): 1406. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIADV.ABM1406
  122. McGinnis G, Harvey M, Young T (2020). Indigenous knowledge sharing in Northern Australia: Engaging digital technology for cultural interpretation. Tourism Planning and Development. 17(1): 96–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1704855
  123. McKemey MB, Rangers B, Rangers YM, Costello O, Hunter JT, Ens EJ (2022). ‘Right-way’ science: reflections on co-developing indigenous and western cross-cultural knowledge to support indigenous cultural fire management. Ecological Management, Restoration. 23(S1): 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12532
  124. McKenzie R (2018). Talking About Stones. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Retrived from https://cdhr-projects.anu.edu.au/talkingaboutstones/index.html
  125. McNamara K (2007). Shepherds’ crowns, fairy loaves and thunderstones: the mythology of fossil echinoids in England. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 273(1): 279–294.
  126. McNamara K (2020). Dragons’ Teeth and Thunderstones: The Quest for the Meaning of Fossils. Reaktion Books, London.
  127. McNiven IJ, David B (2023). The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea. Oxford University Press.
  128. Menzies K (2019). Understanding the Australian aboriginal experience of collective, historical and intergenerational trauma. International Social Work. 62(3): 1522–1534. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872819870585
  129. Moncel M-H, Chiotti L, Gaillard C, Onoratini G, Pleurdeau D (2012). Non-utilitarian lithic objects from the European Paleolithic. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia. 40(1): 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeae.2012.05.004
  130. Moore MW (2015). Bifacial flintknapping in the northwest Kimberley, Western Australia. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 22: 913–951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-014-9212-0
  131. Moore MV (2020a). Description: Stone Adze Talisman, Laos. Museum of Stone Tools. Retrieved 14 February 2024. https://stonetoolsmuseum.com/artefact/east-asia/stone-axe-15/2171/
  132. Moore MW (2020b). Annotation: Acheulean Handaxe, West Tofts, England. Museum of StoneTools. Retrieved from https://stonetoolsmuseum.com/artefact/europe/handaxe-3/1878/
  133. Muecke S, Eadie J (2020). Ways of life: Knowledge transfer and Aboriginal heritage trails. Educational Philosophy and Theory. 52(11): 1201–1213. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1752185
  134. Muecke S, Roe P (2021). The Children’s Country: Creation of a Goolarabooloo Future in North-West Australia. Rowman and Littlefield, London. Retrieved from https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786615480/The-Children%E2%80%99s-Country-Creation-of-a-Goolarabooloo-Future-in-North-West-Australia
  135. Murphy JL (1975). Shark tooth caches in Wayne County, Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist. 25(4): 26–27.
  136. National Farmers’ Federation (2017). Food, Fibre, Forestry Facts: A summary of Australia’s agriculture sector. Retrieved from https://nff.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/171116-FINAL-Food-Fibre-Food-Facts.pdf
  137. National Museum of Australia (2022). Budj Bim Cultural Landscape. Retrieved 6 May 2024, from https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/budj-bim-cultural-landscape
  138. National Parks Service (2023). Fiscal Year 2023 Report: National NAGPRA Program. U.S. Department of the Interior.
  139. Newman SE (2016). Sharks in the jungle: real and imagined sea monsters of the Maya. Antiquity. 90(354): 1522–1536. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.218
  140. NSW Aboriginal Land Council (2017). Land Rights and Native Title in NSW Comparison of Land Rights and Native Title in NSW.
  141. Núñez M, Franzén P (2011). Implications of Baltic amber finds in northern Finland 4000–2000 BC. In: Archaeologia Lituana. 12: 10–24. https://doi.org/10.15388/ArchLit.2011.12.5128
  142. Oakley KP (1975). Decorative and symbolic uses of vertebrate fossils. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 86. Retrieved from http://archive.org/details/decorativesymbol0000oakl_e8i8
  143. Oakley KP (1985). Decorative and symbolic uses of fossils: selected groups, mainly invertebrate. Oxford (Oxfordshire): Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford, pp. 128. Retrieved from http://archive.org/details/decorativesymbol0000oakl
  144. O’Connell JF, Allen J, Williams MAJ, Williams AN, Turney CSM, Spooner NA, Kamminga J, Brown G, Cooper A (2018). When did Homo sapiens first reach Southeast Asia and Sahul? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115: 8482–8490. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808385115
  145. Oforiatta-Ayim N (2023, May 5). Repatriation is changing but colonial dynamics remain. Retrieved from https://www.museumsassociation.org/museums-journal/opinion/2023/05/repatriation-is-changing-but-colonial-dynamics-remain/
  146. Parliament of Australia (2021). A way forward: Final report into the destruction of Indigenous heritage sites at Juukan Gorge. Retrieved 8 May 2022, from https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/committees/reportjnt/024757/toc_pdf/AWayForward.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf
  147. Perkin C (2010). Beyond the rhetoric: negotiating the politics and realising the potential of community-driven heritage engagement. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 16(1–2): 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250903441812
  148. Pickering M (2015). ‘The Big Picture’: the repatriation of Australian indigenous sacred objects. Museum Management and Curatorship. 30(5): 427–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2015.1054418
  149. Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Kundrát M, Tischler TR, Sloan T, Sinapius GHK, Elliott JA, Elliott DA (2016). New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports. 6: 34467. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34467
  150. Raja NB, Dunne EM, Matiwane A, Khan TM, Nätscher PS, Ghilardi AM, Chattopadhyay D (2021). Colonial history and global economics distort our understanding of deep-time biodiversity. Nature Ecology & Evolution 6(2): 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01608-8
  151. Ritchie WA (1965). The Archaeology of New York State. Natural History Press, Garden City.
  152. Rivière GH (1985). The Ecomuseum: an evolutive definition - UNESCO Digital Library. Museum. 148(4): 182–183.
  153. Robinson S, Paten J (2008). The question of genocide and indigenous child removal: The colonial Australian context. Journal of Genocide Research. 10(4): 501–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520802447818
  154. Rota M (2022). Museums and ecomuseums, cultural sustainable places for people and the planet: responses for ecological transition. In: Ecomuseums and Climate Change (N Borrelli, P Davis, R Dal Santo eds). Ledizioni, Milan.
  155. Sakata H, Prideaux B (2013). An alternative approach to community-based ecotourism: A bottom-up locally initiated non-monetised project in Papua New Guinea. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 21: 880–899. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.756493
  156. Salisbury SW, Romilio A (2019). Dinosaurian tracks and related geological features of the Reddell Point-Entrance Point area, Broome, Western Australia; palaeontological survey as part of the 2018 Broome Safe Boat Harbour site assessment process. Shire of Broome, Broome, Western Australia.
  157. Salisbury SW, Romilio A, Herne MC, Tucker RT, Nair JP (2017). The dinosaurian ichnofauna of the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian–Barremian) Broome Sandstone of the Walmadany area (James Price Point), Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36(suppl.): 1–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1269539
  158. Scholten S, Pickering M, Curtis N, Sodipo B, Ward E, Yanner M, Simpson A (2021). Restitution and repatriation: perspectives from university museums and collections. University Museums and Collections Journal. 13(1): 83–84.
  159. Schuenemann VJ, Peltzer A, Welte B, van Pelt WP, Molak M, Wang C-C, Furtwängler A, Urban C, Reiter E, Nieselt K, Teßmann B, Francken M, Harvati K, Haak W, Schiffels S, Krause J (2017). Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods. Nature Communications. 8: 15694. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15694
  160. Schultz L (2022). Indigenous pedagogies in university museums: Becoming decolonization-ready. University Museums and Collections Journal. 14: 41–54.
  161. Sculthorpe G (2023). Some uncomfortable truths about museum collections. University Museums and Collections Journal. 15(2): 91.
  162. Seonbok Y (2002). ‘Thunder-axes’ and the traditional view of stone Ttols in Korea. Journal of East Asian Archaeology. 4(1): 293–306. https://doi.org/10.1163/156852302322454567
  163. Simmons BA, Archibald CL, Wilson KA, Dean AJ (2020). Program awareness, social capital, and perceptions of trees influence participation in private land conservation programs in Queensland, Australia. Environmental Management. 66: 289–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01321-5
  164. Simpson A, Davis, R, Hill, K (2004). Aged cultural care. Museums Australia Magazine. 13(2): 18–19.
  165. Simpson A (2022). The Museums and Collections of Higher Education. Routledge, London. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003186533
  166. Simpson A, Barker C, Dagostino M, Donnelly P, Hammond G, Knibbs F, Lawrenson A, Liberiou K, Litting E, Lu L, Philp J, Pitkin M, Richards C, Woods J (2023). Truth-telling through university museums and collections. University Museums and Collections Journal. 15(2): 86–88.
  167. Siversson M (2010). Preliminary report upon the palaeontology (including dinosaur footprints) of the Broome Sandstone in the James Price Point Area, Western Australia. Document No. 60103995-0000-GE-REP-0009. AECOM Australia Pty Ltd, Perth.
  168. Smith C (2020). Barunga Aboriginal Community Archaeology Field School. Retrieved 4 May 2024, from https://barungafieldschool.wordpress.com/
  169. Soares BB, Brown K, Nazor O (Eds.) (2018). Defining Museums of the 21st Century: Plural Experiences. ICOM/ICOFOM, Paris.
  170. Soderland HA, Lilley IA (2015). The fusion of law and ethics in cultural heritage management: The 21st century confronts archaeology. Journal of Field Archaeology. 40(5): 508–522. https://doi.org/10.1179/2042458215Y.0000000024
  171. Solway R, Thompson L, Camic PM, Chatterjee HJ (2015). Museum object handling groups in older adult mental health inpatient care. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion. 17(4): 201–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623730.2015.1035520
  172. Strickland-Munro J, Moore S (2013). Indigenous involvement and benefits from tourism in protected areas: a study of Purnululu National Park and Warmun Community, Australia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 21(1): 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.680466
  173. Sullivan T, Kelly L, Gordon P (2003). Museums and indigenous people in Australia: A review of previous possessions, new obligations: Policies for museums in Australia and aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Curator: The Museum Journal. 46(2): 208–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2151-6952.2003.tb00087.x
  174. Taçon PSC, Webb S (2017). Art and megafauna in the Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia: Illusion or reality? In: The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia (B David, PSC Taçon, J-J Delannoy, J-M Geneste eds). ANU Press, Acton.
  175. Thøgersen J, Hammond G, Simpson A, Davis R, Hargraves K, Janiszewski L (2022). A university-based art and object engagement program for dementia patients and carers. University Museums and Collections Journal. 14(1): 30–40.
  176. Thomas N (1997). Indigenous presences and national narratives in Australasian museums. Humanities Research. 1997(June): 3–16.
  177. Thulborn T, Hamley TL, Foulkes P (1994). Preliminary report on sauropod dinosaur tracks in the Broome Sandstone (Lower Cretaceous) of Western Australia. Gaia. 10: 85–94.
  178. Tindale NB (1985). Australian Aboriginal techniques of pressure-flaking stone implements: Some personal observations. In: Stone tool analysis: Essays in honor of Don E. Crabtree (MG Plew, JC Woods, Max G Pavesic eds). University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
  179. Toone GR (2016). Aboriginal Cultural Heritage on Farmlands: The Perceptions of Farmers of the Tatiara District of South Australia. PhD thesis. Australian National University.
  180. Tunbridge D (1991). The story of the Flinders Ranges Mammals. Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst.
  181. Turnbull P (2015). Australian museums, aboriginal skeletal remains, and the imagining of human evolutionary history, c. 1860-1914. Museum and Society. 13(1): 72–87. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i1.318
  182. Turnbull P (2020). International repatriations of indigenous human remains and its complexities: the Australian experience. Museum and Society. 18: 6–18. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v18i1.3246
  183. Turner H (2020). Cataloguing Culture: Legacies of Colonialism in Museum Documentation. UBC Press: Vancouver.
  184. Turner S (2006). Promoting UNESCO global geoparks for sustainable development in the Australian-Pacific region. Alcheringa. 30(suppl.): 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510609506872
  185. Tutchener D, Kurpiel R, Smith A, Ogden R (2021). Taking control of the production of heritage: Country and cultural values in the assessment of Aboriginal cultural heritage significance. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 27(12): 1310–1323. https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2020.1854797
  186. Tütken T, Weber M, Zohar I, Helmy H, Bourgon N, Lernau O, Jochum KP, Sisma-Ventura G (2020). Strontium and oxygen isotope analyses reveal Late Cretaceous shark teeth in Iron Age strata in the southern Levant. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 8: 570032. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.570032
  187. Tythacott L, Arvanitis K (2014). Museums and Restitution: New Practices, New Approaches. Routledge, London. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/Museums-and-Restitution-New-Practices-New-Approaches/Tythacott-Arvanitis/p/book/9780815399476
  188. UNESCO (2023). The Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Retrieved 27 February 2024, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/
  189. UNESCO (2024a). State Parties: Australia. Retrieved 5 February 2024, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/au
  190. UNESCO (2024b). UNESCO World Heritage List: The Criteria for Selection. Retrieved 27 February 2024, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/
  191. UNESCO (2024c). World Heritage and Indigenous Peoples. Retrieved 27 February 2024, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/496/
  192. United Nations United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. (2007). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf
  193. University College London (2017). Petrie Museum Collection Search: Pendant- fragment of fossil shark’s tooth (LDUCE-UC2909). https://collections.ucl.ac.uk/Details/collect/4636
  194. Urwin C (2019). Excavating and interpreting ancestral action: Stories from the subsurface of Orokolo Bay, Papua New Guinea. Journal of Social Archaeology. 19(3): 279–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605319845441
  195. Vågene ÅJ, Herbig A, Campana MG, Robles García NM, Warinner C, Sabin S, Spyrou MA, Andrades Valtueña A, Huson D, Tuross N, Bos KI, Krause J (2018). Salmonella enterica genomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2(3): 520–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0446-6
  196. van Barneveld K, Chiu O (2018). A portrait of failure: Ongoing funding cuts to Australia’s cultural institutions. Australian Journal of Public Administration. 77(1): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12248
  197. van Geert F (2022). The exhibition of geoheritage in geoparks and geological museums. Museologia e Patrimônio. 15(1): 164–183.
  198. van Praët M (2019). The modernity of the museum: Sharing and creating knowledge through confrontation with the material evidences of the past and the present. Museum International. 71(1–2): 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/13500775.2019.1638025
  199. Vawda S (2019). Museums and the epistemology of injustice: From colonialism to decoloniality. Museum International. 71(1–2): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/13500775.2019.1638031
  200. Waterton E (2018). A history of heritage policy in Australia: From hope to philanthropy. In: Making Culture: Commercialisation, Transnationalism, and the State of ‘Nationing’ in Contemporary Australia (D Rowe, G Turner, E Waterton eds). Routledge, London, pp. 12.
  201. Wensing E (2020). The destruction of Juukan Gorge: lessons for planners and local governments. Australian Planner. 56(4): 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2020.1866045
  202. Westaway MC, Olley J, Grün R (2017). At least 17,000 years of coexistence: Modern humans and megafauna at the Willandra Lakes, South-Eastern Australia. Quaternary Science Reviews. 157: 206–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.11.031
  203. Wheeler SC, Bechler CJ (2021). Objects and self-identity. Current Opinion in Psychology. 39: 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.013
  204. White R (1993). Technological and social dimensions of ‘Aurignacian-age’ body ornaments across Europe. In: Before Lascaux: The Complex Record of the Early Upper Paleolithic. 277–300.
  205. Zeller U, Göttert T (2021). Humans, megafauna and landscape structure – Rock engravings from Namibia encourage a comparative approach to central Europe and southern Africa. Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 631–643. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.71.e72811