Agricultural Marketing and Commercialization
The International Journal of Agricultural Marketing and Commercialization (AMC), a broad-based journal, is an open-access journal that was founded IN 2017. This journal follows ISC rules and complies with the highest ethical standards in accordance with ethical laws. It is based on two key tenets: Firstly, to publish the most exciting original, reviews, case reports, short communication, and novel and high-impact contributions from the related area of Marketing and Commercialization. Secondly to provide the most rapid turnaround time possible for undergoing a fair, supportive, and double-blind peer-review process, and to disseminate the article freely for teaching and reference purposes. Journal DOI: 10.57647/amc Journal Abbreviation: Agric. Mark. Commer. J. Journal Title Acronym: AMCJ Journal Owner: Islamic Azad University Publisher: Islamic Azad University, Co-publishing, OICC Press, UK Keywords: Marketing, Commercialization, Entrepreneurship, Agriculture, Development, Profitability, Economic Managment. Editor-in-chief: Bahman Khosravipour, PhD 0000-0003-4898-1082 Director-in-Charge: Sahar Dehyouri, PhD 0000-0001-9447-3762
Investigating the Impact of Commercial Credit and Government Subsidies on the Relationship between Digital Financing and Innovation of Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
The present study investigated the impact of commercial credit and government subsidies on the relationship between digital financing and innovation of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The spatial scope of the research covered companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, and the temporal scope targeted the interval between 2015 and 2021. A total of 154 companies were selected based on systematic omission. According to the categorization of studies based on their nature and methods, the present applied research was a descriptive quest following a cause-and-effect methodology and using the library method for data collection. The data of the sample companies were collected by reference to financial statements, explanatory notes, and the monthly journal of the Tehran Stock Exchange. The multivariate regression test run in the EViews software was employed to confirm or reject the respective hypotheses. The results revealed a significant relationship between digital financing and independent organizational innovation and the contribution of commercial credit to the association between companies’ independent innovation and digital financing. Likewise, government subsidies impacted the relationship between digital financing and independent innovation of companies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zahra Houshmand Neghabi, Roghayeh Farahnak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The test of the effect of speculative price bubble and f inancial leverage on the real rate of return of manufacturing companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange
The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of speculative price bubbles and financial leverage on the real return rate of manufacturing companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2023-2019, employing a panel data econometric approach. To this end, the theoretical foundations and literature review are presented first, followed by the specification and estimation of the research model, which is conducted using relevant diagnostic tests and the fixed effects method. The estimation results indicate a significant positive relationship between the independent variables (the actual cash dividend in the previous period, which represents a rational speculative price bubble in the research model, and the financial leverage variable) and the real return rate of the selected sample. Specifically, the first hypothesis of the study, which posits that rational speculative price bubbles significantly influence the real return rate of manufacturing companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, was confirmed. Additionally, the second hypothesis, stating that financial leverage significantly impacts the real return rate of the selected sample, was also validated. Finally, recommendations based on the research findings are presented to mitigate the effects of speculative price bubbles and to enhance the impact of financial leverage on the real return rate of the selected sample.
Copyright (c) 2025 Soheil Varmazyar, Akbar Bagheri, Asghar Karami (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Measuring the impact of Social and Environmental Commitments on ROA in Cement Companies
The purpose of this study is to propose a model for assessing the impact of environmental social commitments on the return on assets (ROA) in cement industry companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, considering the moderating role of board independence. In this research, the independent variables include the environmental social commitments of cement companies and the agency theory factor (board independence). The dependent variable is the return on assets, while firm size, financial leverage, and age are the control variables. The study utilizes data from 36 cement companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over a five-year period from the beginning of 2019 to the end of 2023. The hypotheses are tested using multiple regression analysis with panel data methodology under fixed effects. The results reveal a significant and positive relationship between environmental social commitments and return on assets. Furthermore, the findings of the second hypothesis confirm that board independence, as a factor in agency theory, moderates the relationship between environmental social commitments and return on assets.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erfan Dehnavi, Somayeh Shokravi, Seyed Jalal Ahmadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Green Human Resource Management and Social Capital: The Key Role of Policy Implementation in Organizational Sustainability
Organizational sustainability, as one of the key goals of modern management, requires approaches that simultaneously enhance the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of an organization. This study examines the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) on organizational sustainability, considering the mediating role of social capital. This quantitative, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 managers and employees of industrial and service companies that have implemented GHRM policies. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SmartPLS software, employing statistical methods such as correlation analysis, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical analyses showed that GHRM has a significant positive impact on organizational sustainability. Social capital also positively influenced organizational sustainability and played a meaningful mediating role in the relationship between GHRM and organizational sustainability. The model fit indices indicated a good model fit (Chi-Square/df = 2.15, RMSEA = 0.045, CFI = 0.93). The findings suggest that GHRM policies directly and indirectly (through social capital) contribute to improving organizational sustainability indicators. Social capital acts as a facilitating factor that enhances the impact of GHRM on organizational sustainability. These results highlight the importance of formulating and implementing green HRM policies and fostering social interactions within organizations to promote sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Niusha Meftah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Entrepreneurial Marketing Model Design for Facilitating the Entry of Small and Medium Enterprises into Regional Markets
Entering regional markets is often accompanied by numerous challenges for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study aimed to design an entrepreneurial marketing model to facilitate the entry of SMEs into regional markets. This research employed a descriptive-analytical approach using a mixed-methods design (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews with managers and marketing experts were conducted to identify key influencing factors. In the quantitative phase, the proposed model was evaluated through surveys and statistical analysis. The results revealed that key factors, including innovation in marketing strategies, access to financial and human resources, development of business networks, and adaptability to market changes, play a significant role in the success of SMEs entering regional markets. The designed model integrates these factors into a practical framework that can assist managers in strategic decision-making during market expansion processes. This study demonstrates that entrepreneurial marketing, as a novel approach, can serve as a powerful tool to overcome barriers to entering regional markets. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and managers to enhance the competitiveness of SMEs and offer guidance for future research in this field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tahereh Nesari , Farshid Namamian, Seyed Reza Hasani , Afshin Baghfalaki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identifying Customer Eye Catching Behavior Patterns Based on Ethical Marketing (Cosmetic Industry)
Nowadays, to retain and attract customers, the primary goal is identifying the best customers and their purchasing behavior. Hence, the present study identifies the customer purchasing behavior pattern based on ethical marketing (case study: cosmetic industry). The method of this study is a quantitative survey. In this study, data are collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Its face validity is confirmed by the expert professors and its factor validity is confirmed using a confirmatory factor analysis test. Its factor load is obtained higher than 0.3. Its reliability is validated through Cronbach's alpha test, yielding a value above 0.8 for both marketing components and customer purchasing behavior patterns. The statistical population of this study consists of approximately 100 managers from Iran's cosmetic industry. They are selected using convenience random sampling. A sample size of 80 people is selected to answer the research questions. The data analysis tool is SPSS 23 and Lisrel 8.5 software. The results revealed that ethical marketing positively (by about 0.38) affects the purchasing behavior pattern of cosmetic industry customers with 99% confidence. Among the components of ethical marketing, the empathy component had the highest impact on the development of frugal behavior patterns and the complex purchasing behavior pattern of cosmetic industry customers. The results also showed that the dominant patterns of purchasing behavior of cosmetic industry customers in Iran are frugal purchasing behavior, analytical behavior, and variety-seeking behavior patterns, respectively.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sina Taghizadeh, Shadi Azimigohar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigating the Relationship between Energy Production and Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Iran Compared to the World
This study investigated energy production and consumption regarding pollution production in Iran compared to the world. Important factors such as population growth, industrial development, and increased production activities and services require energy consumption. They have consequences regarding global environmental threats. These threats are more significant due to insufficient public awareness of energy consumption and the low efficiency of energy-consuming equipment, especially in underdeveloped countries. The present study aims to identify the relationship between energy production and consumption in the environment. It investigates the relationship between energy production and consumption and compares its role in greenhouse gas production in Iran and the world. The results of the study indicate that the current trend of energy production and consumption in the world plays a key role in increasing greenhouse gas production. Iran's relative share is higher compared to the amount of energy consumption and carbon dioxide production in the world. This article provides useful information for policymakers, activists, and experts on the relationship between global energy consumption and prospects resulting from the destructive impact of greenhouse gases caused by energy production and consumption in Iran.
Copyright (c) 2025 Allahbakhsh Kavoosi, Arian Kavoosi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactive Marketing Model Based on Contextual and Intervening Variables in the Steel Industry
The purpose of this research is to present an interactive marketing model based on contextual and intervening variables in the steel industry, using the grounded theory method. In this research, based on interview tools with experts and senior managers of the steel industry, multiple factors related to interactive marketing and research variables have been identified, and the structures related to each variable have been presented using open, axial, and selective coding methods. In the next step, based on the analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire, using the confirmatory factor analysis method and the PLS technique, the factor load and composite reliability for the research variables were calculated above 0.4 and 0.7, respectively, and as a result, the validity of each construct related to the factors and implications of the research model was confirmed. Then, using the structural equation modeling method and estimating the final model, contextual factors and intervening factors were confirmed in the first and second positions of influence on interactive marketing in the final research model. Finally, while presenting the research model with optimal overall goodness of fit, attention to the effects and consequences of the model, including internal and organizational consequences, competitive advantage, brand experience management, and customer and market-related consequences, has been suggested.
Copyright (c) -1 hossein Vahidi Iry Sofla, Mahmoud Ahmadi Sharif , Mohammad Nasrolahnia , Peyman Ghafari Ashtiani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Resilience Behavior of Farmers to Climate Change and Effects on Food Security in Iran
The Khuzestan province is among the main production areas of wheat, one of Iran's most important strategic products. In recent years, this province has faced severe environmental problems, including climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to resilience behavior of farmers in this region to deal with the negative effects of climate change and its effect on food security. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted from June 2022 to January 2024. The population consisted of wheat farmers in the Khuzestan province, Iran (N=22500). The sample size was determined based on Morgan table (n=378). For analyzing food security level, the 18-item USDA Household Food Security (HFS) questionnaire, which contains questions that underlie the 12-month food security scale in survey-instrument form, was used. Based on the results, about one-third of households (36.43%) were experienced HFS and 63.57% were insecure. To analyze livelihood resilience to climate change, the LRCC model of farmers, which includes three components of self-organization, capacity of learning and buffer capacity, was used. Also, based on the Average Variance Extracted (0.514<AVE< 0.711) and Composite Reliability (0.801<CR<0.923), the questionnaire had a convergent validity and appropriate reliability. SPSS16 and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. Results of research showed that LRCC had a significant impact on the HFS. According to the results, it is recommended that, by careful planning, sufficient benefits be gained from the potential of LRCC model in the future development policies of HFS, so that an effective step can be taken toward rural development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sharareh Asadi, Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi, Ahmad Reza Ommani, Mohammad Sadegh Sabour (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Effective Capitals on the Sustainability of Rural Livelihoods in Kermanshah Province
Today one of the key factors in achieving rural development goals is a proper understanding of sustainable livelihoods.Achieving this requires transitioning from traditional livelihood patterns to sustainable rural livelihoods that align with the needs and potential of the area .In this context , sustainable livelihoods are not possible without considering livelihood assets .Therefore,the present study aims to analyze and investigate the impact of effective assets on the sustainability of the livelihoods of rural inhabitants in Kermanshah province.This study is quantitative and, in term of purpose , applied .Methodologically , it is a descriptive-correlational study.The statistical population of this study consist of 116022 rural households in Kermanshah province , from which 385 households were selected as a sample through random stratified sampling using the Krejcie and Morgan table. For data collection , a questionnaire was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and professors of Rural Development and Extension Department , and this reliability was determined in a pre-test using Cronbachs alpha ,ranging from 0.86 to 0.94 , indicating the high reliability of the questionnaire for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using smart-PLS and SPSS 26 software . The results indicated that, among five livelihood assets,rural inhabitants were at a medium level regarding social capital , and at a weak to medium level concerning financial capital . Based on the results, it is recommended that one of the key strategies should be diversifying the economic activities of rural inhabitants.Moreover, appropriate educational mechanisms in various areas should be provide and given attention by those involved in rural development planning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nahid Tavasol, Alireza Poursaeed, Roya Eshraghi Samani, Marjan Vahedi, Behrouz Naseri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Designing a Creative Tourism Model to Develop Local Businesses
The main aim of this research was to design a creative tourism model to develop local businesses, which was done qualitatively with the Grounded Theory approach. The statistical population includes managers of tourism centers proficient in creative tourism. Non-probability, purposeful, and snowball sampling methods were used, and 14 interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis was done in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, and the model was presented. The findings showed that the causal conditions (Tendency to experience living in the destination, no need for expensive infrastructures, Tendency to individual development during travel) were compelling in the axial phenomenon (Changing tourists’ values, and experience-oriented travel). Intervening factors (infrastructures, Touristic organizations) and contextual factors (Touristic attractions, social and cultural conditions) affect the presented strategies (advertising and promotional activities, local businesses net working, focus on unique native potentials of destination) resulting in outcomes such as (Developing local businesses, increasing income, and Reviving intangible heritage).The results showed that creative tourism developed local businesses, revived culture, and created intangible heritage.
Creative Tourism, Entrepreneurship, Intangible Heritage, Local Businesses, Local Society
Copyright (c) 2025 osveh Ghasemi, Morteza Mousakhani, Hamid Saeedi, Mandan Momeni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identifying the themes of banking and financial services through fintechs(Case study: public and private banks)
Fintech or financial technologies refers to the application of technology in the field of financial and banking services that provide services to users through the use of new technologies, such as social networks, cloud, artificial intelligence, blockchain and machine learning. In the field of banking and financial services, fintechs can solve many of the problems and challenges of this industry and provide better services to customers. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with a qualitative strategy with the aim of identifying the themes of banking and financial service management through fintechs. The research method was thematic analysis based on the Clark and Brown (2006) model. The data collection tool was a semi-structured and in-depth interview that was analyzed using open and axial coding. The research community was (experts and key influential drivers of banking and financial services through fintech), of which 12 people reached data saturation. The results showed that banking and financial services through FinTech, as a comprehensive theme, consists of 8 themes: up-to-date technology, innovation, optimization, modern banking, quality improvement, customer-centricity, fundamental challenges, and performance barriers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hossein Shahbalaghi, Alireza Rousta, Farzad Asayesh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification and Explanation of the Relationship Between Credit Risk Management Constructs and Strategic Knowledge Management Approach in the Banking Industry
Updating banking structures is a fundamental factor for the continuity and success of banks, influenced by technological advancements, regulatory changes, and the evolving needs of customers. Therefore, this study aims to identify and explain the constructs of credit risk management and strategic knowledge management approaches, analyzing their relationship in optimizing banking management processes. To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted a qualitative approach and employed the meta-synthesis method, which is a systematic analysis technique for integrating diverse research evidence. Academic papers from various databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO, were reviewed using specific search engines and relevant keywords. After an initial screening process and following the PRISMA statement, 39 relevant and high-quality studies were selected for final analysis. Subsequently, thematic analysis was used to process the extracted data. In this method, the researcher first coded the data and identified key concepts. These concepts were then categorized at different levels of abstraction, resulting in 150 conceptual codes, which were grouped into 15 components and five main constructs. These constructs include risk identification and analysis, model development and optimization, compliance and adaptation to standards, data and information management, and performance evaluation and monitoring. Findings indicate that leveraging knowledge-based strategies can effectively assist banks in identifying, assessing, and managing credit risks. The study concludes that developing knowledge-driven management models is essential for enhancing banks’ performance in response to economic and financial challenges. This research contributes to filling existing gaps in the academic literature and offers practical solutions for the banking industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Morteza Safa Bakhsh, Mahmoud Ahmadi Sharif, Sina Nematizadeh, Mehran Keshtkar Haranaki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Designing Sustainable Livelihood Extension Model (SLEM) in Rural Areas of Dezful Township, Iran
The purpose of this research was designing sustainable livelihood extension model (SLEM) in rural areas of Dezful Township, Iran. This research is a quantitative research. The statistical population of the research included all heads of households in the rural areas of Dezful Township (N=16693). The number of statistical sample was calculated through Cochran's formula (n=370). The sampling method was multi-stage random cluster method. Smart PLS3 software was used to design the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The findings of the research show that professional qualification of extension staff, educational facilities and desirable content of educational courses, institutionalization of entrepreneurship and innovation in agriculture, development of risk management and empowering users as a causal condition, institutional infrastructure, social platforms, communication and public participation and economic platforms as contextual conditions and motivators and incentives, knowledge management and learning and policy making and law enforcement as intervening factors, had a positive and significant effect on the axial phenomenon of SLEM. Finally, the identified strategies of SLEM had a positive and significant effect on the consequences of implementing the model. The consequences of implementing the model in order of priority were economic consequences, individual consequences, social consequences and management consequences that had a positive and significant effect on SLEM.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Ghasemipour, Ahmadreza Ommani, Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Breaking Boundaries, Exploring the Unseen Dynamics of Sports Brand Globalization and Its Impact on Human Health in Emerging Markets: A Systematic Review
This systematic review examines the impact of global sports brand globalization on human health in emerging markets. As global sports brands expand their influence, they play a significant role in shaping consumer behavior and physiological and health outcomes in developing regions. The review aims to explore both the positive and negative effects of global sports brand marketing on health. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant studies published after 2019, focusing on both qualitative and quantitative research that addressed the influence of sports brand marketing on physical activity, physiological aspects of health behaviors, and nutrition. The findings indicate that global sports brands contribute to promoting healthier lifestyles in some regions, such as increased participation in physical activities, sponsorship of local sports events, and accessibility to affordable sports equipment. However, the promotion of unhealthy products, such as high-calorie foods and sugary drinks, through sports branding also has adverse physiological health implications, leading to concerns about rising obesity rates and related diseases. Cultural and socio-economic factors significantly mediate the impact of global sports brands on health, with varying outcomes across different regions. In some countries, global sports branding contributes to positive health outcomes, while in others, it exacerbates unhealthy consumption patterns. The study concludes by highlighting the need for further research that addresses the limitations of existing studies, including publication bias, language bias, and the evolving role of digital marketing and influencer partnerships in sports branding.
Copyright (c) 2025 Parivash Hafez Amini , Somayeh Hassani , Mina Kharazmi , Reza Shokouh Saljoughi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prioritizing effective factors on home-based businesses economical achievement in Iran
Using creative ways, educational system, promoting economic, in all aspects, focusing on processes, expanding the strategic methods along with free business are improved gradually in such organizations and they are included within high performance organizations as a result. In this study, we try, by prioritizing effective factors on home-based businesses economical achievement, evaluate the role of those factors. The study is of applied type and the method being used is descriptive- correlation. Conducting the stage of theoretical studies and qualitative investigations by documentary method and the quantitative stage by fieldwork method , using a questionnaire According to the findings, a chronbach alpha coefficient of was found to be 0.71 in the home-based businesses economical section of the questionnaire, the population consists of clients supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Hamedan (n=322). Prioritizing of studied factors based on CV show that “interest level to created occupation” in performer individual properties and “applying experiences of experienced and practiced individuals”, in social-cultural factors was the first priority.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agricultural Marketing and Commercialization Journal
Evaluating the effect of managerial and economic factors on broiler poultry production in Qom province
Considering the importance of chicken meat production as a strategic protein product, it is necessary to pay attention to the effective managerial-economic factors in strengthening the poultry industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the managerial-economic factors affecting the poultry production process in Qom province, including five parts: Central section, Salafchegan, Kahak, Jafarabad, Khalajestan; It is during the years 1393-1390. The required data were collected by completing a researcher-made questionnaire with validity and reliability approved by the managers of selected poultry units. The collected data were analyzed using Ewiews7 and Excel software. The main findings of this study show that the variable of production capacity, variable of feed value and variable of working capital have a positive and significant effect on the amount of production in selected production units. The variable of production and administrative payments has a negative and significant effect on the amount of production and also the amount of production has the highest sensitivity to working capital and the least sensitivity to production capacity.
Effects of different harvesting times on the yield and protein content of Bami alfalfa under micronutrient foliar application in Kerman region
Application of an appropriate harvesting time in forage crops plays an important role in yield production, so that if the crop is not harvested timely, the yield decreases even in case of foliar application. Effects of different harvesting times on the yield and protein content of Bami alfalfa were investigated here under foliar application in a split-split plot experiment in time unit based on complete random block designs with four replications in Shahid Zendeh Rooh Kerman Agricultural Research Center (10 km of Jopar road) during 2013 crop year. The Bami cultivar used here was harvested in four different cuttings. The uppermost yields were respectively 6.98, 8.5, 9.3, and −10 for fresh forage, and 24.85, 29.86, and 29.4 for the dry matter. The highest leaf-to-stem ratio was obtained in the first cutting. The first and second cuttings contained the highest (29.73%) and lowest (24.85%) dry matter contents, respectively. Dry forage yield was uppermost (6 t/ha) in the first cutting. Protein levels varied in different cuttings, with the second and fourth cuttings having the highest value (18%). The interaction of Bami alfalfa in different cuttings revealed the superiority of the second cutting to the other ones. This cultivar also had the highest values in some traits among the other cuttings; as a result, Bami cultivar can be superior to other cuttings in Kerman region.
Perfect 3-colorings of the cubical graph and its applications in agriculture management
In this paper, we enumerate the parameter matrices of all perfect 3-colorings of the cubical graph. We also present some basic results for a cubic connected graph of order. It has a wide range of applications in agriculture production and banking systems.
SWOT Analysis of Renewable Energy in Rural Development
We found a few cases of renewable energy being well integrated into rural development. Renewable power generation, particularly wind and solar energy, has rapidly expanded in recent years, driven by the requirements of the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive and national targets with the use of the SWOT model. SWOT analysis is a process that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization. Specifically, SWOT is a basic, analytical framework that assesses what an organization can and cannot do, as well as its potential opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis takes information from an environmental analysis and divides it into internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats.
Factors influencing customer loyalty to Manizan Corp in Ilam County
The present study aimed to rank the factors influencing customer loyalty to Manizan Corp. in Ilam County, Iran. The statistical population was composed of all customers of Manizan Corp. in Ilam County, out of which 384 people – as estimated by the infinite population formula – were sampled by the simple randomization technique. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire whose content and face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha to be 0.84. Based on the results, 87.4% of the variance of the dependent variable is accounted for by the variables of tangibility, credit, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, which have significant and positive effects on loyalty. Also, the coefficients of variations are significant for the variables of tangibility (0.562), credit (0.439), responsiveness (0.215), assurance (0.180), and empathy (0.165) at the error level of <0.01 and the confidence interval of 0.99. The standardized coefficients of variations show that the variable of tangibility has more contribution than other variables in determining the dependent variable, i.e. loyalty.
Factors Affecting Commercialization of Agricultural Mechanization in Khuzestan Province
The main research paradigm of the present work is quantitative in which a descriptive survey methodology was used. The study investigates some of the economic factors that influence the success of mechanization organizations in Khuzestan province, Iran. Khuzestan province is one of the leading agricultural hubs of Iran, so it was selected as the study site. The statistical population was composed of 18 active mechanization service organizations which covered 19,844 hectares of wheat plants in 726 wheat farms at 89 villages and counties of the province in the previous year. The main research instrument was a questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated to be 0.89 by the coefficient of Cronbach''s alpha. The results of the correlation of the research variables with the economic performance variables of the organizations showed that the variables of diversity of organizational performance of the organization, number of available facilities and machinery, non-government support for the organization, the number of training courses, and the amount of government cash support (loan and bank credit) were significantly correlated with the variable of annual economic performance. Also, 45.1% of the annual economic performance of the mechanization organization is explaining with “the annual performance of mechanization organization”, “non-government support for the organization”, “the availability of facilities and machinery”, and “the CEO''s understanding of the concept of organization services, chief executive officer (CEO)’s perception of the concept of organization, annual
The Effective Management and Professional Factors on Farmers Satisfaction of Agricultural Engineering Services Companies (With the Service Marketing Approach)
In the current condition of the changing world, business corporations in competing with other competitors seek to reach a prominent position through achieving advantages. Marketing advice is one of the most important services these companies make. On the other hand, service consumers are constantly seeking suppliers who offer far better services, understanding this distinction would be of help in the selection process of the required services and will help customers choose better suppliers and pay more money in return to receive good services; for this reason, customers' satisfaction should constantly be measured and evaluated. The main objective of this study is investigation management and professional factors affecting farmers' satisfaction. The study adopts a descriptive method; inferential statistics were also used to analysis the data. 290 wheat-farmers were selected as the population of the study. The farmers were under the agricultural and engineering services companies in Islam abad gharb, a town with the population of 16900. Findings showed that was a significant relationship between independent variables of farming activities record, the amount of information from the organization chart of the agricultural and engineering companies, social contribution, activity level, as well as how company experts act and the dependent variable of the study (satisfaction). Furthermore, stepwise multiple regression test showed 23.5% of the dependent variable (satisfaction from agricultural and engineering companies) variation could be explained by variables such as: (the amount of information from organization chart of agricultural and engineering companies, the activity level, how company experts act as well as farming activities record); The rest 76.5% depend on other factors not investigated in this research.
Study the Affective Components in the Wheat Decrement (case study mahabad township)
population growth increases and need to provide food day-to-day were increasing. The main purpose of this research was to analyze effective components to reduce the wheat decrement reduction. The study in terms of objective was an applied one and in terms of method was casual and communicative. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Cronbach alpha coefficient of questionnaire was obtained 83%. The statistical population of this study consisted of all wheat farmers of Mahabad city with a population equivalent to N= 6200 that by using stratified sampling, simple random and the general formula of Cochran 210 wheat farmers were selected. In this study, effective factors in reducing the wheat losses were agricultural, social, extension-educational, political, economic and technical Components. Also in this research in each component investigated the main options influence on wheat decrement.
Investigating the Role of Rural Cooperatives in Marketing of Agricultural Products
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of rural cooperatives in marketing agricultural products in Mahabad city. This research was practical and descriptive-analytical method. In these study researchers for collect information used library and documentary and field studies. The sample population was 349 members of rural cooperatives in Mahabad city that selected by using cluster sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a review of a panel of executive experts and faculty member in this field. The reliability of the questionnaire was also calculated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.91). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that supplying fuel, supervising and guiding and supporting members and providing counseling and guidance services about market issues to the members were the most important functions of cooperative companies. The results of Pearson correlation coefficients indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship found between the performance of rural cooperative companies and the marketing of agricultural products. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that about 43% of marketing of agricultural products changes are explained by the provision of services and advice, market regulation, support, and credit and loans.
The Impact of Using Natural Resources Energy on Increasing Environmental Health and Reducing Building
Climate change, the growth of energy consumption, and the insecurity of fossil energy sources became a global energy challenge with the first alarm in 1970 and with the recurrence of the 1984 and 2005 crises on a global scale, affecting the work of researchers and programs of governments and policymakers. As the trend continues in today's world, the spread of environmental pollution on the planet has added to it. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the state of energy to date and pay attention to the providence of studies by international organizations and institutions. The building sector accounts for about 40% of the world's energy consumption, with a high share of greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that in order to control the challenges and reduce the factors being affected by this sector in energy consumption and the environment, creating a suitable environment for the use of renewable energy in architecture is essential and can be an effective solution to overcome these challenges.
Examine the sale ethical impact at the trust and loyalty policyholders’ life insurance (Case Study: Iran Insurance Company in Tehran)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ethics on life insurance insurers' trust and loyalty in Iran Insurance Company in Tehran. This study is descriptive, and a standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity and reliability was confirmed by professors and experts, and also, it was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cranach's alpha, (α=0.811 for ethics sale), (α=0.766 for trust), and (α=0.850 for loyalty). The sample of the study, involving 384 patients, and the availability random cluster sampling method was used. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and structural equation modeling, has been used to analyze the data. The results show that morality sales and confidence in the loyalty insurers life insurance, has positive and significant effect on Iran Insurance Company in Tehran, as well as ethics sale, has a significant positive effect on life insurance insurers' confidence, and the mediating role of trust insurers in the relationship between ethics, sales and loyalty, was confirmed.
Investigating the Dimensions and Components of Knowledge-Based Decision Making in Iranian National Tax Administration
The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of knowledge-based decision-making dimensions in the Iranian National Tax Administration. The present study is applied, and a survey method is used. The statistical population of the present study was comprised of 2115 senior, basic and middle managers of the Iranian National Tax Administration. The sample size was estimated to be 325 people based on Cochran formula who were selected by stratified random sampling. To collect the data, a questionnaire of 69 questions with a 5-point Likert-scale from completely inappropriate to completely appropriate was used. The conceptual and face validity of the research questionnaire was evaluated and approved by 15 experts. The content validity ratio or CVR of the questionnaire was calculated by 0.93.8 by 15 experts and university professors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated at 94.6, which was higher than 0.7, indicating the internal consistency of the items and confirming the reliability. One-sample t-test using SPSS software was used for data analysis. The significance level of the test (0.000) was smaller than the significance level (0.05), so considering the mean of variables of knowledge-based decision making (3.519), functional factors (3.572), behavioral factors (3.639), attitudinal factors (3.297), motivational factors (3.503), and structural factors (3.542) which were above the base mean (3), the variables were in a desirable condition. The mean of the variables indicated that this amount is not high enough to indicate that the variables of knowledge-based decision making are being well applied in these organizations. Therefore, planning is needed in this regard.
Factors Affecting the Promotion of Small Rural Food Industry Marketing in Tehran
The present study, aimed to investigate the factors affecting the promotion of small rural food industry marketing in Tehran, is done by the questionnaire as its main tool. The questionnaires are completed through interviews with 160 managers from 133 companies in Tehran. We have used SPSS software to analysis Sampling data. The results showed that the variables of marketing have most important role in promotion of livestock products marketing. Thus, by observing coefficient of determination, it can be concluded that the variables in marketing agents explain about 48% of the variability belonged to promotion of livestock products marketing.
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Feasibility Study of Application of Precision Agriculture for Productivity of Manufacturing and commercialization Organic Crops
The purpose of present research is feasibility study of application of precision agriculture for productivity of manufacturing organic crops from viewpoint of experts of agricultural department of Tehran province. The statistical society of the present research consists of all experts of agricultural department of Tehran that are more than 210 persons and among this number, total number of 132 persons was selected by simple random sampling method as volume sample. Prioritizing in relation to effective social factors on ability of performing precision agriculture for productivity of organic crops with 0.230 coefficient of changes, partnership of farmers and researchers in all stages of production, evaluating and promoting results obtained of researches and assessments for precision agriculture, effective economic factors with 0.182 coefficient of changes, having enough budget for performing research and its relationship with precision agriculture among agricultural farms, factors for effective policy making with 0.268 coefficient of changes, regarding plans of precision agriculture as fundamental issue within frame of macro-policies of agriculture and rural development of Iran are regarded as first priority. Prioritizing forms based on coefficient of changes reveal that from viewpoint of experts of agricultural department, the highest priority for technology related to level of changes are including: Tillage, micronutrients and pesticides. Prioritizing the viewpoint of experts of agricultural department in relation to application of precision agriculture for producing organic crops with change coefficient 0.219, 0.214 and 0.213 are related to increasing economic return, increasing income of producers and reducing production costs.