10.57647/tpr.2025.0903.18

The first report on the screening of the GC/MS profiles of the hydrodistilled essential oils and volatile components from the aerial parts of Verbascum sinuatum L. (Scrophulariaceae)

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  • Majid Mohammadhosseini*1,2,
  1. Herbal Drugs Raw Materials Research Center (HDRMRC), Sha.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sha.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

Received: 2025-07-12

Revised: 2025-08-23

Accepted: 2025-09-27

Published in Issue 2025-09-30

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Mohammadhosseini, M. (2025). The first report on the screening of the GC/MS profiles of the hydrodistilled essential oils and volatile components from the aerial parts of Verbascum sinuatum L. (Scrophulariaceae). Trends in Phytochemical Research, 9(3), 212-222. https://doi.org/10.57647/tpr.2025.0903.18
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Abstract

This study elucidates the chemical composition of the essential oil and volatile fractions from the aerial parts of Verbascum sinuatum L. using classical hydrodistillation (CHD) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) techniques, identifying 23 compounds via GC-MS analysis. In the CHD essential oil, non-terpene hydrocarbons (NH) predominated at 64.8%, followed by oxygenated diterpenes (OD) at 14.2%, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SH) at 8.0%, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS) at 7.8%. The principal constituents were hexadecanoic acid (28.9%), phytol (14.2%), and linoleic acid (7.3%), accounting for 94.8% of the total. On the other hand, HS-SPME profiles emphasized NH (70.1%) and OS (19.1%), with hexadecanoic acid (49.3%), (E)-phytol acetate (8.1%), n-heneicosane (4.1%), and spathulenol (4.0%) comprising 92.5% overall. These findings reveal method-dependent variations in terpenoid and fatty acid content, highlighting CHD's efficacy in extracting higher quantities of oxygenated diterpenes and HS-SPME's sensitivity to volatiles, offering insights into phytochemical diversity for potential pharmacological applications.

Keywords

  • Classical hydrodistillation (CHD), Essential oils, GC/MS, Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), Scrophulariaceae, Verbascum sinuatum L.
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