Journal of Rangeland Science
type: channel
description: Journal of Rangeland Science (JRS) has published original, peer-reviewed and technical rangeland articles since the autumn of 2010 to serve rangeland science, engineering and management by publishing timely and reliable information. Journal DOI: 10.57647/jrs Journal Abbreviation: J. Rangeland Sci. Journal Title Acronym: JRS Journal Owner: Islamic Azad University Borujerd Branch, Co-publishing, OICC Press, UK Director-in-Charge: Ali Ariapour, PhD 0000-0001-6783-0680 Editor-in-chief: Ali Ashraf Jafari, PhD 0000-0001-9917-6986 JRS is an integral partner with the scientific and technical communities, delivering superior information products and services that foster communication. It builds insights and enables individual and collective advancement in rangeland research. To provide rangeland scientific information and the general public with descriptions of timely, contemporary advances in rangeland issues for improving rangeland protection, JRS tries to conserve natural resources. IF by ISC in 2022=429 (Q2) Scopus: CiteScoreTracker 2022=1.1 (Q3) Scopus: SJR 2022= 0.276
publisher: OICC Press
language: en
publication name: Journal of Rangeland Science
issn: 2008-9996
items: A Training Sample Migration Method for Classification of Vegetation Cover Using LSTM Model and Remote Sensing Data (Case Study: Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran)
items: Effects of Cow Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Walga Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Choman Guduru District, Western Oromia, Ethiopia
items: Fungal Community Associated With Two Declining Rangeland Plants (Haloxylon Ammodendron and Astragalus Verus) in Iran
items: Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Current and Future Distribution of Ferula Ovina Boiss Species in Central Zagros, Iran
items: Effects of Various Soil Amendments on the Growth of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
items: Comparative Effect of Organic Fertilizer Treatments on the Herbage Production and Nutritive Value of Congo Grass (Brachiaria Ruziziensis) Hay
items: Innovative Windbreaks Using Kochia Scoparia L.: Transitioning From living to Non-Living Structures in Arid Regions of Iran
items: Assessing the Effects of Salt Stress on Growing Sulla Plants (Sulla coronaria)
items: Pampa Galeras Vicuña Reserve a New Equilibrium State? Range Condition and Ecological Carrying Capacity
items: The Impact of Peganum harmala L. Invasion on the Density and Species Diversity of Native Plants
items: Knowledge to Practice in Rangeland Management and Livestock Health among Nomadic Pastoralists in Fars Province, Iran
items: Chemical Composition and Condensed Tannin Content of Major Livestock Feeds from Borana Rangeland, Southern Ethiopia
items: Modeling Stipa Arabica Trin and Rupr. Habitat Displacement in Central Iran Using Ecological and Climate-Based Approaches
items: Management and Maintenance of Semi-arid Rangelands via Symbiosis between Mycorrhiza Fungi and Range Plant Species
items: Exploring the Impact of Villages' Sustainability on Community Perceptions towards Ecosystem Services
items: Rainfall Erosivity and Flooding Risk Assessment in Different Climate Zones of Iran
items: Cutting Date Impact on the Herbaceous Layer in Sahelian Rangeland During the Wet Season
items: Ecological and Socioeconomic Triggers of Forest Fires in Uttara Kannada, India, and Their Impact on Biodiversity Conservation (A review)
items: Evaluation of the effects of climate variability on vegetation in mountainous rangelands (case study: Sabalan Mountainside in Iran)
items: Exploring the allelopathic impact of leaf extracts from three desert flora on roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L. (All.)) under three experimental conditions
items: GIS-aided site selection for solar panel installation in rangeland areas of Mashhad County of Iran
items: Effects of some woody nurse plants on preservation composition and biodiversity of understory herbaceous in southern Zagros forests (Case study: Vezg region, Yasouj, Iran)
items: Degradation status and land productivity assessment in drylands using remote sensing and ground survey: Experiences from India and China
items: The effect of tree planting on native vegetation in the dust center of southwest Iran
items: Role of woody plants in dust absorption and identifying dust centers in Ahvaz city, Iran
items: Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran
items: Effects of mulches and plant shelters on soil moisture, seedlings establishment and growth of Zygophyllum atriplicoides in an arid rangeland, Iran
items: The role of agricultural systems and rangeland ecosystem services in the food security and nutrition of smallholder farmer households: A small-scale analysis from the west of Iran
items: Forecast of temporal-spatial changes of Iran's vegetation using Markov Chain- Automated Cell Model

A Training Sample Migration Method for Classification of Vegetation Cover Using LSTM Model and Remote Sensing Data (Case Study: Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran)
type: item
description: Improving the quality of land-use change classification, with an emphasis on rangeland vegetation, by using time-series satellite imagery and migration data for training can lead to proper management of natural lands. Rangelands, as one of the most important ecosystems on Earth, play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring food security. Training data (reference data) are a fundamental factor in determining the quality of information generated by machine learning methods, as they serve as the basis for future decisions. Using training data migration methods helps reduce data collection costs and enables timely access to reliable training data. This study aims to improve classification quality by applying a training data transfer technique based on an artificial intelligence algorithm, Sentinel-2 satellite image time-series data, and distance-based criteria. The study area is located in Ravansar, Kermanshah province, in the west of Iran. Ravansar has various biological regions involving urban areas, agricultural farms, rangelands and geological formations. To this end, migration data samples from 2017 to 2021 were determined to promote the accuracy of vegetation cover classification using three methods include Euclidean Distance (ED), Spectral Angle Distance (SAD) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). This research indicated that the vegetation plant classes require more time data, while other classes need no time series. In addition, using the remote sensing data of the Sentinel-2 sensor for the migration of training samples indicated the efficiency of the proposed methods for producing up-to-date maps without extensive land surveys. The proposed algorithm, using DTW, SAD, and ED flexible distance measures, Sentinel-2 image time series data, and providing optimal thresholds for different feature spaces, achieved an accuracy of up to 76%. This capability, the ability to extract useful information from multi-temporal data of the Sentinel-2 sensor witho…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Training data migration
  topic: keywords
subject: Distance criterion
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate changes
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote sensing
  topic: keywords
creator: Moslem Hadidi
creator: Alireza Shakiba
creator: Ali Akbar Matkan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Moslem Hadidi, Alireza Shakiba, Ali Akbar Matkan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/JRS.2026.1602.19

Effects of Cow Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Walga Oats (Avena sativa L.) in Choman Guduru District, Western Oromia, Ethiopia
type: item
description: In order to evaluate the effects of cow dung manure and inorganic fertilizer on yield and quality of Walga oats (Avena Sativa L.) in Choman Guduru district, during the main cropping seasons, an experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments involved a control and three levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur (NPS) fertilizer (50, 100, and 150 kg/ha) combined with cow dung manure (5, 10, and 15 ton/ha). Data collected for emergence and flowering, plant height, tiller number, leaf area, leaf number per plant, leaf to stem weight ratios, biomass yield, and quality traits: Dry Matter (DM%), Crude Fiber (CF%), Organic Matter (OM%), Crude Protein (CP%), Ether Extract (EE%), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF%), and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF%). Data were analyzed using Genstat version 15. The highest emergency date (13.3 days) was measured in T0 (control). The application of the highest rate of inorganic and cow dung manure significantly (p<0.01) altered the green forage yield and quality attributes of oats. The highest biomass yield (80 t ha-1) was observed for the treatments with 100 kg seed ha-1 coupled with 150 kg NPS ha-1. Similarly, the highest (p<0.01) tillers number (7.4/plant), plant height (155 cm), leaves number (6.4/plant), leaf area per plant (131.67 cm2), dry matter yield (17.41 t ha-1), crude protein (7.42%), crude fiber (40.49%), and total ash (14.02%) were recorded for T3 (150 kg NPS). There were strong positive correlations between agronomic traits (p<0.01). Dry matter yield was positively correlated with DM, CP, OM, EE, and negatively correlated with CF, ADF, NDF, and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL). Inorganic fertilizer application to cultivate oat forage improved the morphological characteristics with the highest net benefit; however, the use of a high dose of cow dung manure could be an alternative.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Biomass yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Dry matter
  topic: keywords
subject: NPS fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: Organic fertilizer
  topic: keywords
creator: Bacha Asefa
creator: Negasa Tamasgen
creator: Firisa Woyessa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bacha Asefa, Negasa Tamasgen, Firisa Woyessa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/JRS.2026.1602.18

Fungal Community Associated With Two Declining Rangeland Plants (Haloxylon Ammodendron and Astragalus Verus) in Iran
type: item
description: Drylands are specific habitats for the growth of xerophyte plants. These lands are vulnerable to numerous threats, and all biotic and abiotic stresses can play essential roles. In 2022, declining symptoms were observed for Haloxylon ammodendron and Astragalus verus in the Alborz, Tehran, and Hamedan provinces. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize fungal communities associated with the decline of H. ammodendron and A. verus in drylands using ITS sequencing. Symptomatic plants were sampled and cultured on PDA media. After fungal purification, DNA extraction was performed, and the DNA in the ITS region was sequenced. The fungal genera identified in this study included Alternaria, Arthrinium, Astragalicola, Biscogniauxia, Chaetomium, Cytospora, Fusarium, Mucor, Neoscytalidium, Paecilomyces, Pithomyces, Preussia, Sordaria, and an undefined genus. Eleven identified genera of fungi were associated with H. ammodendron in dry areas of Tehran and Alborz provinces, while 10 genera were associated with A. verus plants in Hamadan province. The mycobiota profile showed a high relative frequency of fungal genera belonging to the Paecilomyces and Biscogniauxia genera in H. ammodendron plants and the Astragalicola and Chaetomium genera in A. verus plants. Additionally, seven genera of fungi were common to both hosts, while none of the seven other genera were shared by both hosts. Based on these results, Ascomycota comprised a large part of the mycobiota, and a minor part of the mycobiota belonged to Mucoromycota (only in A. verus plants). Our findings confirmed that the presence of the most important pathogenic genera of fungi in H. ammodendron and A. verus plants could be a threat to other dryland plants. This information can be valuable for conservation efforts and developing strategies to mitigate the threats posed by these pathogenic fungi to dryland ecosystems.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Drylands
  topic: keywords
subject: Decline
  topic: keywords
subject: Haloxylon ammodendron
  topic: keywords
subject: Astragalus verus
  topic: keywords
subject: Mycobiota
  topic: keywords
creator: Mehrdad Alizadeh
creator: Seyedeh Masoomeh Zamani
creator: Naser Safaie
creator: Soheila Mirzaei
creator: Samira Farahani
creator: Mohammad Ebrahim Farashiani
creator: Alireza Rajabi Mazhar
creator: Behmaram Bahrami Rashid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mehrdad Alizadeh, Seyedeh Masoomeh Zamani, Naser Safaie, Soheila Mirzaei, Samira Farahani, Mohammad Ebrahim Farashiani, Alireza Rajabi Mazhar, Behmaram Bahrami Rashid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/JRS.2026.1602.16

Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Current and Future Distribution of Ferula Ovina Boiss Species in Central Zagros, Iran
type: item
description: Climate change has become a serious challenge over the last century, and studying its effects on the distribution of plant species is necessary to sustainably manage and protect rangelands. This study investigates the current and future distribution range of Ferula ovina Boiss species in the central Zagros region in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province for the year 2050 under two main climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. To achieve this, 19 bioclimatic variables were calculated using long-term data series from 10 meteorological stations in the central Zagros area. Additionally, physiographic variables including: slope, aspect, and hypsometry were derived from a digital elevation model with a 30 m resolution. The points of species presence and absence were determined using logistic regression. The vegetative behaviors of the species and their equations were calculated under current conditions, and their map was modeled. In the next step, bioclimatic data for the next three decades were extracted from the WorldClim.org website, and the extracted data were substituted into the equations for current conditions. Finally, the future distribution of F. ovina species for the next three decades was determined under two RCP scenarios, 4.5 and 8.5. Among the bioclimatic variables, BIO1 (annual temperature), BIO10 (average temperature of the warmest month), and BIO11 (average temperature of the coldest month) are the most important for the habitat suitability of F. ovina species. The mentioned variables increase in value as climatic conditions become more challenging. The elevation of its suitable habitat will increase by 200-500 m, and as a result, the area of suitable habitat decreases in response to climate change. Under the pessimistic climate scenario, 65% of suitable habitats will be lost by 2050, and the current unsuitable habitats will increase by about 8%. Overall, climate change and rising temperatures will cause the vertical displacement and movement of F. ovin…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Habitat modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change scenario
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistic regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioclimatic variables
  topic: keywords
creator: Elham Fakhimi
creator: Morteza Khodagholi
creator: Saleh Yousefi
creator: Aleksandar Valjarević
creator: Razieh Saboohi
creator: Hamzehali Shirmardi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Elham Fakhimi, Morteza Khodagholi, Saleh Yousefi, Aleksandar Valjarević, Razieh Saboohi, Hamzehali Shirmardi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/JRS.2026.1602.14

Effects of Various Soil Amendments on the Growth of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
type: item
description: Uniform and rapid seed germination is essential for successful plant establishment and growth. Previous studies have shown that both organic and mineral amendments can improve germination rates and early plant development. This study investigated the effects of zeolite, bentonite, and potassium nanochelate on the growth characteristics of Trifolium pratense through a factorial pot experiment based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatments included zeolite (2, 4, and 6 g/kg), potassium nanochelate (30, 60, and 90 mg/kg), bentonite (2, 4, and 6 g/kg), and combined applications of potassium nanochelate and zeolite. Soil samples were randomly collected from the Fandqalou rangelands of Ardabil, Iran. The prepared soil was then added to pots, where 20 seeds of T. pratense were sown per pot. After the growth period, plant height, volume, dry and fresh weight, root weight (fresh and dry), root length, root volume, root surface area, establishment rate, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, leaf relative water content, and membrane stability index were measured. Results indicated that the highest fresh weight of aerial parts (124.28g/pot), dry aerial weight (34.11g/pot), dry root weight (14.30g/pot), and fresh root weight (56.84g/pot) were achieved using 30mg/kg potassium nanochelate + 2g/kg zeolite, 60mg/kg potassium nanochelate + 4g/kg zeolite, 60mg/kg potassium nanochelate, as well as with 90mg/kg potassium nanochelate, respectively. The longest root length (27.33 cm) was observed with 6 g/kg zeolite, while the greatest root volume (61.67 mm³) and root surface area (71.06 cm²) were recorded with 6 g/kg bentonite. The combination of 60 mg/kg potassium nanochelate + 4 g/kg zeolite yielded the highest establishment rate (84%). Findings suggest that targeted use of mineral amendments can significantly improve red clover growth and may be beneficial for rangeland restoration and pasture establishment in degraded or low-yielding rain-fed areas.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Trifolium pratense
  topic: keywords
subject: Growth enhancement
  topic: keywords
subject: Rangeland improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Zeolite
  topic: keywords
subject: Bentonite
  topic: keywords
subject: Potassium nanochelate
  topic: keywords
creator: Mehdi Moameri
creator: Zahra Mohammadirad
creator: Ardavan Ghorbani
creator: Faezeh Beyrampoor
creator: Ali Shahi Gharelar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mehdi Moameri, Zahra Mohammadirad, Ardavan Ghorbani, Faezeh Beyrampoor, Ali Shahi Gharelar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-20
publication date: 2026-06-20
doi: 10.57647/JRS.2026.1602.15

Comparative Effect of Organic Fertilizer Treatments on the Herbage Production and Nutritive Value of Congo Grass (Brachiaria Ruziziensis) Hay
type: item
description: This study evaluated the effect of organic fertilizer treatments on the nutritional value of Brachiaria ruziziensis hay. Congo grass was cultivated in the field and treated with fertilizers: T1 (no fertilizer), T2 (Natsoil), T3 (Wonder fertilizer), and T4 (poultry manure) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The fresh herbage and dry matter yields were determined. The grass was harvested at bloom stage, packed and air-dried as hay and stored for chemical analysis, volatile fatty acid content and In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD). The fertilizer treatments had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for fresh herbage yields compared to the control treatment: T3 (18.38 tons/ha), T4 (16.66 tons/ha), T2 (14.05 tons/ha), and control (10.25 tons/ha). Also, the dry matter yield obtained for T3 (6.90 tons/ha), T4 (6.19 tons/ha), T2 (5.23 tons/ha) were significantly higher than that for the control (3.85 tons/ha). The results showed that crude protein, ether extract and carbohydrate fraction were significantly higher (p<0.05) in T3 (Wonder fertilizer) than in other fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, for metabolizable energy, the T3 (4.36%), T4 (4.28%) and T2 (4.16%) fertilizers were significantly higher (p<0.05) than control (3.80%), while the cellulose content was significantly the highest (p<0.05) in T2 (21.75%) followed by T1 (21.65%), T3 (21.19%) and T4 (21.02%). The fertilizers T3, T4, and T2 had significantly higher (p<0.05) propionate, butyrate and lactate contents than T1 (control). The total volatile acid was significantly the highest (p<0.05) in T3 (152.50 mmol/100ml), followed by T4 (145.00 mmol/100ml), T2 (142.80 mmol/100ml) and the lowest in control (123.40 mmol/100ml). T3 had the highest (p<0.05) gas produced at 9, 12, 21 and 24, as well as NH3-H gas and IVDMD, higher than other fertilizer treatments. Conspicuously, the Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in T3 (60.87%), T4 (60.06%) and T2 (60.11%)…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Organic fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutritive value
  topic: keywords
subject: In vitro digestibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Congo grass
  topic: keywords
subject: Hay
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayandiran Samuel Kola
creator: Akintobi Sheriff Olayinka
creator: Odeyinka Simisola Mercy
creator: Adedire Ayodeji Oluwatosin
creator: Osunkeye Oluwamuyiwa Jacob
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ayandiran Samuel Kola, Akintobi Sheriff Olayinka, Odeyinka Simisola Mercy, Adedire Ayodeji Oluwatosin, Osunkeye Oluwamuyiwa Jacob (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/JRS.2026.1602.11

A Training Sample Migration Method for Classification of Vegetation Cover Using LSTM Model and Remote Sensing Data (Case Study: Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran)
type: item
description: Improving the quality of land-use change classification, with an emphasis on rangeland vegetation, by using time-series satellite imagery to train on migration data lead to proper management of natural lands. Rangelands, as one of the most important ecosystems on Earth, play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring food security. Training data (reference data) for classification is a fundamental factor in determining the quality of information generated by machine learning methods, as it serves as the basis for future decisions. Using training data migration methods helps to reduce data collection costs and provide timely access to reliable training data. This study was conducted to improve classification quality using a training data transfer technique based on an artificial intelligence algorithm and Sentinel-2 satellite image time series data and distance criteria. The study area is located in Ravansar, Kermanshah province, in the west of Iran. Ravansar has various biological regions involving urban areas, agricultural farms, rangelands and geological formations. To this end, migration data samples from 2017 to 2021 were determined to promote the accuracy of vegetation cover classification using three methods include Euclidean Distance (ED), Spectral Angle Distance (SAD) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). This research indicated that the vegetation plant classes require more time data, while other classes need no time series. In addition, using the remote sensing data of the Sentinel-2 sensor for the migration of training samples indicated the efficiency of the proposed methods for producing up-to-date maps without extensive land surveys. The proposed algorithm, using DTW, SAD, and ED flexible distance measures, Sentinel-2 image time series data, and providing optimal thresholds for different feature spaces, achieved an accuracy of up to 76%. This capability, the ability to extract useful information from multi-temporal data of the Sentinel-2 se…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Training data migration
  topic: keywords
subject: Distance criterion
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate changes
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote sensing
  topic: keywords
creator: Moslem Hadidi
creator: Alireza Shakiba
creator: Ali Akbar Matkan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Moslem Hadidi, Alireza Shakiba , Ali Akbar Matkan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/JRS.2026.1602.12

Innovative Windbreaks Using Kochia Scoparia L.: Transitioning From living to Non-Living Structures in Arid Regions of Iran
type: item
description: Wind erosion is a significant environmental challenge in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly where soil salinity and water scarcity limit the effectiveness of traditional control methods. Establishing living windbreaks for dust suppression is not cost-effective in these water-scarce and drought-prone areas due to their high irrigation requirements. This study introduces an innovative approach in which a plant species initially functions as a living windbreak. After reaching its maximum height, irrigation is halted, allowing the plants to transition into non-living windbreaks. Kochia scoparia L. Schrad was identified as a suitable species for windbreaks on highly saline land. In this research, seeds were sown in five rows using a strip planting method oriented against the prevailing wind direction, with 3 meters between rows and each strip extending 7 meters.Once the plants reached full growth, they were dried to serve as non-living windbreaks. Soil erosion and sedimentation rates were measured using sediment traps placed at the start of the rows and between rows; the collected data were analyzed. For greater accuracy, the same method was also conducted in a laboratory and within a wind tunnel. Wind speed at the windbreak location decreased from 17.8 m/s to 8.17 m/s, demonstrating the effectiveness of plant-based windbreaks in reducing wind speed. Wind erosion significantly decreased, with dust accumulation dropping from 1,464 g in the control to 808.2 g in the fifth row of windbreaks. These findings support using Kochia scoparia as an effective dual-purpose solution for sustainable wind erosion control in arid regions.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Shelterbelt
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil erosion control
  topic: keywords
subject: Land degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Desert
  topic: keywords
subject: Iran
  topic: keywords
creator: Shila Hajehforooshnia
creator: Mohamad Khosroshahi
creator: Leila Kashi Zenouzi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shila Hajehforooshnia, Mohamad Khosroshahi, Leila Kashi Zenouzi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/JRS.2026.1602.17

Assessing the Effects of Salt Stress on Growing Sulla Plants (Sulla coronaria)
type: item
description: This study assessed how the plant Sulla coronaria reacted to different salt levels. The experiment was conducted at Tizi Ouzou University in Algeria, using a pot experiment with a substrate of sand, clay soil, and horticultural potting compost. The experiment had 32 plants in four groups, which were then subjected to different doses of saline solution (NaCl) for 15 days. After two months, the plants were harvested, and the following data were collected: root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight, leaf number and area, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, total chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars content, proline content, and the extraction and quantification of hydro-soluble proteins. The results showed that rising salinity significantly reduced the number and leaf area of the shoots, and shoot biomass and length. These results are likely due to the effects of salinity stress on cell structure and metabolism, as evidenced by a decrease in cell hydration (RWC) and membrane integrity. These events possibly contributed to decrease in chlorophyll pigment concentration and soluble protein levels. Stressful conditions can lower plant growth, but Sulla plants can adjust to high salinity by increasing sugars and proline. We found the highest levels of sugars and proline at 9 g/L and 56.27 mg/g DM(Dray Matter), respectively. To generalise about how this species responds to salt stress, we should do more controlled and field studies with other populations to select those responding better to salt stress.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Sulla
  topic: keywords
subject: Sulla coronaria
  topic: keywords
subject: Salinity
  topic: keywords
subject: RWC
  topic: keywords
subject: Electrolytes leakage
  topic: keywords
subject: Chlorophyll
  topic: keywords
subject: Proteins
  topic: keywords
subject: Soluble sugars
  topic: keywords
subject: Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Osmotic adjustment
  topic: keywords
creator: Djamel Medjebeur
creator: Si Ammar Kadi
creator: Lynda Hannachi
creator: Fatma Hacid-Chehrit
creator: Nouredine Ferraguig
creator: Abdel Elkrim Limane
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Djamel Medjebeur, Si Ammar Kadi, Lynda Hannachi, Fatma Hacid-Chehrit, Nouredine Ferraguig, Abdel Elkrim Limane (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
doi: 10.57647/jrs.2026.1601.02

Pampa Galeras Vicuña Reserve a New Equilibrium State? Range Condition and Ecological Carrying Capacity
type: item
description: The rangelands of the Pampa Galeras National Reserve (Peru) span 22,231 hectares (ha), of which 7,932 ha constitute the rigid zone—an area exclusively for vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis) grazing—while the remaining 14,299 ha serve as a buffer zone for mixed vicuña–cattle grazing. Since the 1960s, this landscape has played a pivotal role in the recovery of the vicuña population from near extinction, offering a valuable opportunity for research on its ecology and management. Previous inventories indicated that the rangelands remained in poor conditions for vicuña grazing, despite relatively stable population densities. This study evaluated the ecological status and estimated the vicuña units (UV) that the rigid zone could support using an ecological site framework. Fifteen ecological sites were identified using geographic information systems and remote sensing, and each was assessed for floristic composition, rangeland condition, and trends. Results indicated that 86% of the sites were in poor conditions, and 35% exhibited a negative trend—evidenced by the presence of pedestalled plants, invasive species, and low litter—suggesting that many sites may have crossed abiotic thresholds and shifted into alternative stable states. The current ecological carrying capacity (Ck) of the rigid zone was estimated at 3,763 UV (0.47 UV/ha/year), which is below the potential carrying capacity (Cp) of 4,982 UV (0.60 UV/ha/year). Notably, when Ck was exceeded, vicuña numbers plummeted from 4,987 to 2,218 UV, indicating low resilience in the rangeland–vicuña system. Multiple limiting factors were identified, including interspecific competition, poor soil potential, harsh weather, and the lack of an adaptive rangeland-wildlife management strategy. Establishing an adaptative monitoring and management program based on key and reference areas is strongly recommended.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Vicuña
  topic: keywords
subject: Rangeland
  topic: keywords
subject: Carrying capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: Condition
  topic: keywords
subject: Resilience
  topic: keywords
creator: Remzi Foresto Zárate
creator: Enrique Ricardo Flores
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Remzi Foresto Zárate, Enrique Ricardo Flores (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1601.10

The Impact of Peganum harmala L. Invasion on the Density and Species Diversity of Native Plants
type: item
description: Given the increased human activity, its destructive impacts on natural resources are no longer confined to specific regions. Among these impacts is the introduction of non-native and invasive plant species. The adverse effects of these species on natural and agricultural communities, human and livestock health, and ecosystem characteristics are significant, leading to continuous research in this field. In this study, the effects of varying frequencies of the invasive plant Peganum harmala L. on the density, composition, richness, diversity, and species dominance of native plants were examined in the rangelands surrounding the integrated livestock farming project for nomadic communities in the Zirkouh region of South Khorasan Province. Livestock presence and changes in plant composition were assessed using photographs taken in 2002, 2012, and 2022. Following the initial assessment with 0% frequency (enclosure area), plots with 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, and 75% frequencies of the invasive plant were selected, with three representative zones chosen in each area. In each zone, twenty randomly placed four-square-meter plots were established. In each plot, density, plant cover percentage, litter percentage, bare soil and gravel percentage, and rangeland condition classes were determined. Based on the counted plant bases, indices of richness, species diversity (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices), species evenness (Pielou index), and species dominance (Simpson index) were calculated. The Jaccard index was employed to assess the species similarity. Statistical comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA and modified LSD means comparison tests. The results showed that the effect of frequency of P. harmala on the percentage of vegetation cover, litter, and soil and gravel, as well as the density of annual native plants in the area was significant (p≤0.05). The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (2.48) was calculated in the area with 45% frequency of the invasive plant. The highes…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Grazing intensity
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-native Species
  topic: keywords
subject: Peganum harmala
  topic: keywords
subject: Species diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Rangeland
  topic: keywords
creator: Moslem Rostampour
creator: Maedeh Yousefian
creator: Reza Yari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Moslem Rostampour, Maedeh Yousefian, Reza Yari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1601.09

Knowledge to Practice in Rangeland Management and Livestock Health among Nomadic Pastoralists in Fars Province, Iran
type: item
description: Nomadic pastoralists play a vital role in managing and sustaining the range livestock production, yet their traditional knowledge often faces challenges amid environmental degradation and climate change. Despite their experience, a gap persists between what they know and what they can effectively practice. Understanding this gap is crucial for designing sustainable interventions. This study examined the knowledge and practices of nomadic pastoralists in Fars Province, Iran, focusing on rangeland management and livestock health, and how these factors influence livestock production. A stratified random sample of 248 nomadic household heads was surveyed using the validated questionnaires. Index reliability was confirmed (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.702–0.827; composite reliability > 0.7). Findings revealed a significant knowledge-practice disparity: the average scores for rangeland management knowledge and practice were 0.83 and 0.31 (out of 2), respectively while scores for livestock health were higher, 1.65 for knowledge and 1.49 for practice. Structural equation modeling showed that livestock health practices had a strong positive impact on production (β = 0.329, p < 0.01), whereas current rangeland management practices negatively affected it (β = -0.322, p < 0.01). These results highlight pastoralists' difficulties in applying sustainable rangeland practices, likely due to climate pressures and limited institutional support. The study emphasizes the need for practical training and policy support to bridge the knowledge-practice gap and to enhance resilience in arid pastoral systems.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
creator: Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
creator: Mohammad Reza Shahraki
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani, Mohammad Reza Shahraki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1601.08

Chemical Composition and Condensed Tannin Content of Major Livestock Feeds from Borana Rangeland, Southern Ethiopia
type: item
description: Studies on available feed resources and their nutritional values are important. This study aimed to investigate chemical composition and Condensed Tannin (CT) content of major feed resources in Moyale district of Borona rangeland, southern Ethiopia. Samples were collected from major feed resources: five browse species (Acacia brevispica, Acacia mellifera, Commiphora Africana, Dichrostachys cinerea and Grewia tembensis), five grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Digitaria milanjiana, Eragrostis capitulifera and Panicum maximum), mixed natural pasture, two crop residues (maize stover and haricot bean straw), wheat bran and two herbaceous legumes (Indigofera volkensii and Commelina africana). Samples were analyzed for ash, Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Neutral-Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid-Detergent Fiber (ADF) and CT. There were variations in chemical composition and CT of the investigated feeds. For the browse species, CP (15.50 -19.08%), NDF (55.38-65.96%) and CT (1.32-24.71%) were found. For the grasses, CP (7.34-8.78%), NDF (67.20-76.41%) and CT (0.86-2.07%); and for mixed natural pasture, CP (11.28%), NDF (71.50%), and CT (1.01%) contents were recorded. For the crop residues, maize stover CP (3.13%) and NDF (73.55%), and haricot bean straw CP (4.74%) and NDF (70.03%) were found. The CP and NDF contents of wheat bran were 18.06% and 45.45%, respectively. For the legume forage species, CP (17.06%), NDF (57.30%) and CT (2.04%) for Indigofera volkensii, and CP (11.32%), NDF (73.03%) and CT (0.60%) for Commelina Africana were recorded. In conclusion, the relatively high CP content of the browse species can be used as protein supplement to low-quality feeds during the dry season. Furthermore, the CT content of the browses (except Dichrostachys cinerea) and legume forages was in the level that promotes positive rumen effects. However, further studies entailing more browse species, detailed nutrient analysis, and involving animal feeding trials should be…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Browse species
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemical composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Crop residues
  topic: keywords
subject: Legume forages
  topic: keywords
subject: Moyale district
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassanuur Hassan
creator: Gebreegziabher Zereu
creator: Netsanet Beyero3
creator: Merga Bayssa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hassanuur Hassan, Gebreegziabher Zereu, Netsanet Beyero3, Merga Bayssa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1601.07

Modeling Stipa Arabica Trin and Rupr. Habitat Displacement in Central Iran Using Ecological and Climate-Based Approaches
type: item
description: One of the main concerns of rangeland managers is to understand the factors that cause climate change and the effects of these factors on the main factors of rangeland management such as vegetation. Climate change in the rangelands of the highlands causes a decrease in biodiversity and deterioration in the downstream areas. This study aimed to predict the future habitat displacement of Stipa arabica Trin and Rupr. in the rangelands of Isfahan, Yazd, Semnan, and Kerman provinces, Iran under climate change conditions. The research objectives include identifying key environmental factors influencing Stipa arabica distribution, modeling its habitat suitability, and assessing potential shifts in elevation due to climate change. A predictive habitat map was developed by employing a logistic regression based on environmental variables, species presence/absence data, and geographic information system (GIS) analysis. To achieve this, key species associated with Stipa arabica were identified through expert interviews, and then, habitat characteristics were analyzed based on species behavior. Data on vegetation cover and environmental factors were collected from the station established by 2020, and habitat suitability was modeled in ArcGIS 10.3. The Kappa coefficient was used to assess model accuracy. The Kappa coefficient was 86, which according to the classification by Koch and Smith, falls into the category of models with good accuracy. The results indicate that Stipa arabica currently occupies elevations between 1,600 and 2,550 m above sea level, with a 75–100% probability of occurrence across approximately 5.2 million ha (10.7% of the study area). However, climate projections suggest that by 2050, its suitable habitat will shift to higher elevations 1,750–2,800 m under scenario (RCP 4.5) and 1,850–3,050 m under scenario (RCP 8.5). As temperatures rise due to climate change, the total suitable habitat area for Stipa arabica is expected to decline, forcing its migration to …
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistic regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate scenario
  topic: keywords
subject: Species distribution model
  topic: keywords
creator: Razieh Saboohi
creator: Morteza Khodagholi
creator: Somayeh Naseri
creator: Sefigheh Zarekia
creator: Ahmad Pourmirzaei
creator: Ehsan Zandi Esfahani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Razieh Saboohi , Morteza Khodagholi, Somayeh Naseri, Sefigheh Zarekia, Ahmad Pourmirzaei, Ehsan Zandi Esfahani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1601.06

Management and Maintenance of Semi-arid Rangelands via Symbiosis between Mycorrhiza Fungi and Range Plant Species
type: item
description: Understanding the symbiotic relationship between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and plants, particularly with soil nutrient and enzyme activity, is crucial for preserving semi-arid rangeland ecosystems. AMF is remarkable in nutrient acquisition and carbon cycling within these ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among Root Colonization (RC), soil enzyme activity, and rhizosphere soil chemical properties in nine rangeland plant species. In the spring of 2019, soil and root samples were collected randomly from the rhizosphere of plant species [Acanthophyllum glandulosum, Astragalus gossypinus and Noaea mucronata (shrub growth); Centaurea virgate, Hypericum perforatum, Pterocephalus canus and Stachys inflata (forb growth); Melica persica and Stipa hohenackeriana (Grass growth)] in Kordan rangeland, Hashtgerd, Alborz province, Iran. Data were collected for RC% using the intersection method, soil enzyme activity by spectrophotometrically, Available Phosphorus (P) (by Olsen method), Organic Carbon (OC) (by wet oxidation method), and Exchangeable Potassium (K). There were significant differences among plant species for rhizosphere soil chemical properties, RC%, and enzyme activities. However, there were no significant differences for P and the activity of Acid Phosphatase (ACP) enzyme. Our results indicate that P. canus and C. virgata plants, characterized by moderate palatability, thrive in soils with balanced chemical properties, which promote AMF colonization and enzyme activity. There were positive and significant correlations between RC% and enzyme activities, except ACP. Additionally, strong positive correlations were found between Dehydrogenase (Deh) activity and both RC% and carbon content. The lowest RC% was observed in N. mucronata and A. gossypinus, potentially attributable to their competitive traits, which may reduce their reliance on mycorrhizal associations for nutrient acquisition and dispersal. Forb growth species exhibited mor…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
  topic: keywords
subject: Symbiosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil Enzyme
  topic: keywords
subject: Semi-arid rangelands
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Matinizadeh
creator: Elham Nouri
creator: Mohammad Bayranvand
creator: Adel Jalili
creator: Tahereh Alizadeh
creator: Maryam Teimouri
creator: Alireza Eftekhari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Matinizadeh, Elham Nouri, Mohammad Bayranvand, Adel Jalili, Tahereh Alizadeh, Maryam Teimouri, Alireza Eftekhari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1601.05

Exploring the Impact of Villages' Sustainability on Community Perceptions towards Ecosystem Services
type: item
description: Recently, while public perception has become a prominent scientific approach to valuing ecosystem services, less focus has been given to local communities' perspectives and the factors shaping their valuation of direct ecosystem benefits. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of residential sustainability, encompassing social, economic, and environmental dimensions, on how local communities perceive and assess ecosystem services. To achieve this, we studied 63 villages within a 20 km radius of Khabr National Park in Kerman Province, Iran. We examined seven environmental/ecological indicators, 15 social indicators, and seven economic indicators. We employed factor analysis to determine the factor loadings, which indicated the importance of each index. After identifying the influential factors and calculating their importance coefficients using the Varimax rotation method, we applied the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach to prioritize the villages under various scenarios. The results indicated that a one-unit increase in sustainability led to significant changes in the provision of ecosystem services: a decrease of 24 times for fuel, an increase of 8.3 times for fodder, an increase of 21 times for medicinal resources, an increase of 4.8 times for food, and an increase of 21.2 times for pollination services. This research highlights a promising insight: by improving living conditions and enhancing sustainability, local communities' perspectives on the use of ecosystem services can be positively influenced.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Multi-criteria decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: Livelihood
  topic: keywords
subject: Khabr National Park
  topic: keywords
creator: Meysam Shahabi Nejad
creator: Hossein Arzani
creator: Seyed Akbar Javadi
creator: Reza Bagheri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Meysam Shahabi Nejad, Hossein Arzani, Seyed Akbar Javadi, Reza Bagheri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1601.04

Rainfall Erosivity and Flooding Risk Assessment in Different Climate Zones of Iran
type: item
description: This study examines the extensive environmental and agricultural damages caused by floods and water erosion, highlighting their role in degrading water quality, stripping away fertile topsoil, and disturbing natural ecosystems. These destructive processes diminish arable land, reduce crop yields and undermine food security by destabilizing water resources essential for sustainable farming. Rainfall plays a pivotal role in soil erosion through its erosivity, characterized by the R-factor in the USLE model, which accounts for its volume and intensity. Focusing on Iran, the study utilizes 30 years (1992–2021) of high-resolution precipitation records from WorldClim 2.1 and applies the Wischmeier and Smith equation. This approach quantifies rainfall erosivity across diverse climatic zones classified by the Köppen–Geiger system, which differentiates regions based on seasonal precipitation, temperature patterns, and vegetation types. Annual precipitation levels vary widely, from as low as 111.46 mm in arid regions with a hot desert climate (BWh) to 1404.15 mm in Mediterranean climate (Csa). Correspondingly, the R-factor exhibits dramatic differences, ranging from 72.66 MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in semi-arid regions (BWk) to an extreme 3300.71 MJ mm ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in humid subtropical zones (Cfa). Additionally, erosivity density varies, with minimal values in cold semi-arid zones (Dsa) and peak levels in Cfa climates. The assessment reveals that while some arid regions (BSh, BSk), covering 8.88% of Iran, experience low flood risks, extremely-arid zones (BWh, BWk) encompassing 86.46% of central Iran face medium to extremely high flood risks. Areas with low precipitation and high erosivity density, notably in central, eastern, southern, and western parts of Iran, are particularly vulnerable. The findings underscore the critical need for targeted soil conservation strategies, enhanced vegetation cover, integrated watershed management, and balanced livestock grazing to mitigate these …
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Precipitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rain erosivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Erosivity density
  topic: keywords
subject: Flooding risk
  topic: keywords
subject: Iran
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Bagherzadeh
creator: Ehsan Afshar
creator: Abolfazl Taleghani
creator: Alireza Bagherzadeh Chaharjouee
creator: Ehsan Sobhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Bagherzadeh, Ehsan Afshar, Abolfazl Taleghani, Alireza Bagherzadeh Chaharjouee, Ehsan Sobhani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1601.03

Cutting Date Impact on the Herbaceous Layer in Sahelian Rangeland During the Wet Season
type: item
description: Annual herbaceous vegetation is a crucial source of forage for pastoral livestock in the Sahel region. These species grow during the wet season, which coincides with the peak grazing period. Understanding the impact of disturbances on annual herbaceous vegetation is then essential. This study focuses on the temporal aspects of disturbance. In northern Senegal, we established nine different plots and cut them weekly during the wet season and returned to each plot at the end of the season to create a gradient of cutting dates. We measured the plant’s phenology, height, dry biomass, and fodder quality. Our results indicated that vegetation growth occurs in three phases: establishment, growth, and flowering. The impact of cutting varied across these phases. Plots cut during the establishment phase exhibited vegetation characteristics similar to those of uncut plots. Plots cut during the growth phase had reduced vegetation height but all individuals completed their growth cycle. Plots cut during the flowering phase had significantly lower biomass at the end of the season and experienced a slight delay in phenological development and increase the quality of the fodder at the end of the season. These findings highlight the importance of cutting timing on vegetation dynamics.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Phenology
  topic: keywords
subject: Dry mass
  topic: keywords
subject: Fodder quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Seasonality
  topic: keywords
creator: Simon Taugourdeau
creator: Ousmane Diatta
creator: Ousmane Ndiaye
creator: Sekouna Diatta
creator: Abdoul Aziz Diouf
creator: Mohammed Habibou Assouma
creator: Paulo Salgado
creator: Denis Bastianelli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Simon Taugourdeau, Ousmane Diatta, Ousmane Ndiaye, Sekouna Diatta, Abdoul Aziz Diouf, Mohammed Habibou Assouma, Paulo Salgado, Denis Bastianelli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1601.02

Ecological and Socioeconomic Triggers of Forest Fires in Uttara Kannada, India, and Their Impact on Biodiversity Conservation (A review)
type: item
description: This study studies the complex cause and consequence aspects of forest fire in the western ghats' district of Uttara Kannada, Karnataka, India - a region particularly known for biodiversity. It singles out key factors influencing fire dynamics: natural or anthropogenic elements, such as lightning, droughts, and anthropogenic changes induced by socioeconomic change. Through field information and satellite image analysis, research shows how such climate change and increased human activities continue to fuel rising fire frequency and intensity, posing a threat to the ecological and biodiversity balance within the region. The study conclusion calls for collaborative forest management mechanisms that integrate grassroots practices with wider global conservation visions. This study puts forth actionable recommendations that improve the technique of fire management and prevention. These efforts seek to minimize ecological and economic damage brought about by forest fires. These efforts lead to better comprehension of the concept of ecosystem integrity and bring forward the relevance of preserving biodiversity against climatic and human challenges.
subject: Review Article
  topic: section
subject: Forest Fires
  topic: keywords
subject: Wildfire Risk Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Change Impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Deforestation and Land Use
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecosystem Services
  topic: keywords
creator: Shivanand S. Ningani
creator: Abhishek Swami
creator: Kamal Upreti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shivanand S. Ningani, Abhishek Swami, Kamal Upreti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2025-1601.01

Evaluation of the effects of climate variability on vegetation in mountainous rangelands (case study: Sabalan Mountainside in Iran)
type: item
description: The impact of climate change on vegetation growth has become a significant issue in recent years. This study focuses on the effects of climate variability on vegetation cover of rangelands in different elevation zones of the Sabalan Mountain region in northwestern Iran, which plays a vital role in the local economy and ecosystem. The study utilized a combination of climate and rangeland vegetation cover data Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) collected over 17 years (2003–2019) from two local weather stations and Landsat satellite imagery. The Mann-Kendall test was used to identify trends, and simple and multiple linear regressions (p<0.05) models were employed to assess the relationship between climate variables and vegetation cover NDVI. The results showed that a significant rise in June average temperatures (0.071°C/year, p<0.05), while vegetation cover showed a notable increase in NDVI during early summer (0.004/year for low-elevation rangelands, 0.006/year for mid-altitude rangelands, p<0.05). A strong positive correlation (r=0.57 for mean and r=0.52 for peak temperature, p<0.01) was found between NDVI in higher-altitude rangelands and July temperatures. The NDVI of rangelands also showed a notable positive correlation of r=0.55 with the average June temperature (p<0.01). Additionally, the multiple regression analysis revealed that the relationship between NDVI and temperature parameters strengthened at mid-altitudes, with an increase in correlation (r=0.73) (p<0.01) when both average and maximum spring temperatures were considered. This research highlights the potential implications of climate change for rangeland management in the region, offering insights for future studies and climate adaptation strategies.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Sabalan Mountains
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature increase
  topic: keywords
subject: Satellite imagery
  topic: keywords
subject: Vegetation cover
  topic: keywords
creator: Farhad Hashemian
creator: Ebrahim Fataei
creator: Marzieh Mosayebi
creator: Aliakbar Imani
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Farhad Hashemian, Ebrahim Fataei, Marzieh Mosayebi, Aliakbar Imani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-27
publication date: 2025-10-27
doi: 10.57647/jrs-2026-1602.12

Exploring the allelopathic impact of leaf extracts from three desert flora on roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L. (All.)) under three experimental conditions
type: item
description: This study aimed to assess the allelopathic effects of leaf extracts from Prosopis juliflora (an invasive species), Acacia nilotica, and Ziziphus spina-christi (native species) on seed germination and seedling growth of Chamaemelum nobile (L) All. (Roman chamomile) under three vegetative conditions (laboratory, greenhouse, and field). The germination percentage, germination rate, and seedling growth of Roman chamomile were evaluated under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In the laboratory, the effects of various concentrations of leaf powder (30%, 50%, and 100%) were assessed, with distilled water used as the control. During the greenhouse stage, different litter-to-sand ratios (1:15, 1:10, and 1:5) were utilized for evaluation. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replications. Field experiment was performed utilizing a randomized systematic design, in which 10 randomly selected seedlings of each species were planted at distances of 0, 1, and 2 m from selected trees. The results indicated that leaf extracts of P. juliflora, A. nilotica, and Z. spina-christi reduced the germination percentage, radicle length, and plumule length of Roman chamomile across all concentrations compared to the control. Moreover, an increase in leaf extract concentrations led to a decrease in germination percentage, germinationrate, radicle length, and plumule length. P. juliflora's leaf extract exhibited a more pronounced impact on all variables compared to the other species. In this context, the treatment with 100% leaf extract of P. juliflora yielded the lowest percentage of germination (24%), the lowest germination rate (3 seeds per day), the shortest plumule length (0 mm), and the shortest radicle length (3.5 mm) for Roman chamomile. In the greenhouse treatment, the litter-to-sand ratio significantly influenced the germination and radicle length of Roman chamomile, with all variables showing an increase with higher sand proportions relative …
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Allelopathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Germination rate
  topic: keywords
subject: Seedling growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Field conditions
  topic: keywords
subject: Greenhouse conditions
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Sadeghipour
creator: Davoud Kartoolinejad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Sadeghipour, Davoud Kartoolinejad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-14
publication date: 2025-09-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1504.40

GIS-aided site selection for solar panel installation in rangeland areas of Mashhad County of Iran
type: item
description: Most areas of Iran enjoy more than 300 days of good sunshine for photovoltaic energy production and the potential for wind energy production is also immense. In this study we evaluated the suitability of Mashhad County rangelands in Iran for the installation of photovoltaic panels. Mashhad is a mega city with a growing population due to its religious importance and the traveling pilgrims coming to the city to visit the Holy Shrine each year. We evaluated the rangeland areas based on several factors including topographic features (slope gradient, slope direction and height), roads and infrastructure, built-up areas, environmentally protected areas, solar photovoltaic output potential, air temperature, land cover and active fault lines using the multicriteria evaluation method. Since most of the area is flat with minor elevations, there is no limitation for energy production. The largest share of the area has slope gradient of less than 15% (3303 km2), this factor also imposes no limitation. In terms of elevation also 42% (4335 km2) of the area below 2000m is suitable for solar farm construction. There are some 72 active faults in the area. In total, 7.3% of the total area is covered with protected areas accounting for ~720 km2 which is not suitable for solar farms. In terms of land cover, 72% of the area is available for constructing solar farms. There is also no limitation in terms of air temperature and potential PhotoVoltaic (PV) output. The final suitability map was obtained by combining these layers and then divided into five classes. Based on our results, the suitable class had the largest share of the final map. Highly suitable areas comprise 14.1% of the total area. The excluded lands from the analysis due to the limiting factors made up approximately 56% equal to 5811 km2. In total, Mashhad County has considerable potential for solar energy production.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Desert
  topic: keywords
subject: Photovoltaic
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable
  topic: keywords
subject: Khorasan Razavi
  topic: keywords
subject: Iran
  topic: keywords
creator: Mostafa Dastorani
creator: Masoud Jafari Shalamzari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mostafa Dastorani, Masoud Jafari Shalamzari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-14
publication date: 2025-09-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1504.31

Effects of some woody nurse plants on preservation composition and biodiversity of understory herbaceous in southern Zagros forests (Case study: Vezg region, Yasouj, Iran)
type: item
description: Studying the effects of woody nurse plants on the composition and biodiversity of herbaceous understory plants, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, is essential for managing the ecosystems optimally. This research was conducted to investigate the role of canopy cover of nurse plants in preserving the composition and biodiversity of herbaceous understory plants in the Vezg region located in Southern Zagros forests in Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad province, Iran. Three woody nurse species of Amygdalus lycioides Spach., Pyrus glabra Boiss., and Daphne mucronata Royle., which have been recognized as the indicator species to support natural regeneration and their relative importance in the composition of upper-story plants were selected. Canopy cover percentages were recorded for understory plants for nurse species and adjacent open space (control) in 1 m2 plots. Also, biodiversity and richness indices of understory plants were computed along with their vegetation cover percentage using Past software. Vegetation data between three woody nurse species was analyzed using the ANOVA, and the means were compared using the Duncan test. Eighty-one species in open space and the understory of nurse species were identified. The highest cover percentages of understory plants was related to annual plants such as Taeniatherum crinitum and Bromus tectorum. Also, the highest cover percentages in open spaces were related to annual species involving Heteranthelium piliferum, Scariola orientalis, and Alyssum marginatum. Results showed higher values of biodiversity indices for woody nurse species A. lycioides and D. mucronata than those for P. glabra. Generally, results demonstrated that the nurse species, especially A. lycioides, could be used as a shelter to increase the growth of annual herbaceous species and could preserve high-quality species for livestock grazing.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Biodiversity indices
  topic: keywords
subject: Understory plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Nurse plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Zagros Forests
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Amin Sadat
creator: Sohrab Alvaninejad
creator: Parviz Gholami
creator: Alireza Salehi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Amin Sadat, Sohrab Alvaninejad, Parviz Gholami, Alireza Salehi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-14
publication date: 2025-09-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1504.33

Degradation status and land productivity assessment in drylands using remote sensing and ground survey: Experiences from India and China
type: item
description: The impact of Remote Sensing technologies (RS) on land classification and its potential for various land uses is often taken for granted. Without it, land managers would be unable to implement remedial measures to conserve and restore degraded land. We provide a ‘snapshot’ of how governance in China and India, using new monitoring technologies, can lead to better outcomes for the ecosystems and the people whose livelihoods depend on the flow of ecological goods and services from the vast areas of these two countries. The advent of new technology, including greater reliance on near-Earth platforms to provide extremely high-resolution imagery, augments the data obtained by orbiting land resource satellites. The development and refinement of the Geographic Information System (GIS) in conjunction with RS has allowed accurate differentiation and mapping of multi-attribute land capability. The challenge for government planners and land managers is to find tools that allow relevant data to be collected and analysed. Ideally, such tools should be able to give a rapid assessment, and not involve large teams of highly trained personnel or incur high costs. This paper reports on the development and trial of such tools on a broad scale (millions of km2) under harsh environmental conditions in both India and China. The paper has three main parts. First, we present a brief overview of the current and developing situation in China and India in response to the newly created infrastructure, population shifts and changes in governance and policy initiatives. Next, we build on insights from the literature and fieldwork in remote areas covering a broad spectrum of problems (salinity, mobile dunes, waterlogging, etc.). Here we developed an understanding of the need for tools to help planners and land managers in a range of unique challenging situations. Finally, we re-visit the nexus between monitoring land degradation and the use of remote sensing and allied technologies and offer some…
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Satellite imagery
  topic: keywords
subject: Near-Earth platforms
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Land capability
  topic: keywords
subject: Land degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahesh Kumar Gaur
creator: Haiying Feng
creator: Victor Roy Squires
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh Kumar Gaur, Haiying Feng, Victor Roy Squires (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-14
publication date: 2025-09-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1504.34

The effect of tree planting on native vegetation in the dust center of southwest Iran
type: item
description: In order to dust control, 26,000 ha of the dusty center of southwest Iran were stabilized by planting Prosopis juliflora in Khuzestan province, Iran from 2015 to 2021. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tree planting on the richness and diversity of the local plant species and identify the appropriate irrigation methods for tree plantations and increasing the native vegetation cover. In this research, the richness and diversity of plant species and the amount of vegetation production were investigated. During the field survey, a total of 420 fixed plots were established for both tree planting and control sites (without tree planting) in seven areas of Bagan, Hofireh, Shoaimit Faleh, Shoamit Mandil, Sharifiieh, Seyed Sharaf, Mosalemieh, in Ahvaz County, Iran. To achieve the research goal, the plant sampling was first done in both sites within each area. Data were collected for species diversity, species richness, species evenness, dominance and Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices. An ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was made between seven locations and the T-test was used for comparisons between two sites (tree plantation area and control) within each location. The results of the T-test showed significant differences for all diversity indices between tree plantation and control sites in all areas except for the Mosalemieh. Results showed that irrigation coupled with rainfall had an effective role in increasing plant species diversity of the local vegetation in the deserts and the restoration of fragile pastures. It was concluded that all areas had plenty of native seed banks, and if a suitable substrate is provided for these reserves and enough water is available, the native vegetation could be established.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Dust center
  topic: keywords
subject: Iran
  topic: keywords
subject: Planting
  topic: keywords
subject: Native vegetation
  topic: keywords
subject: Seedling cultivation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mehri Dinarvand
creator: Sajad Alimahmodi Sarab
creator: Seyed Abdolhossein Arami
creator: Marzieh Ghomeshion
creator: Mohammad Fayaz
creator: Kohzad Haidari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mehri Dinarvand, Sajad Alimahmodi Sarab, Seyed Abdolhossein Arami, Marzieh Ghomeshion, Mohammad Fayaz, Kohzad Haidari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-14
publication date: 2025-09-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1504.36

Role of woody plants in dust absorption and identifying dust centers in Ahvaz city, Iran
type: item
description: Dust is an atmospheric phenomenon that has a negative impact on the environment. Less noticed, the dust particles cause respiratory and cardiovascular health problems in the citizens of western and southern regions of Iran. One of the actions could be to plant trees that are compatible with the climate of these regions. To investigate the role of woody plants in identifying and controlling dust centers, the leaves of four tree species (Albizia lebbeck, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Conocarpus erectus and Cordia myxa) were sampled in four regions representing 9 geographical directions (center, main and secondary regions) in Ahvaz city, Iran. Leaf area and dust concentration were spatially analyzed in the laboratory for three seasons, i.e., spring, summer and autumn 2021. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method was used to map pollution. The results showed that C. erectus and C. myxa had the highest dust binding efficiency with average values of 1.066 and 0.976 mg/cm2, respectively, followed by A. lebbeck and E. camaldulensis with average values of 0.290 and 0.478 mg/cm2, respectively. The results of dust distribution zones showed that domestic dust sources were significantly high in the southwestern and southeastern regions with average values of 1.880 and 0.869 mg/cm2, respectively. Planting trees such as C. erectus, A. lebbeck and C. myxa in urban environments was suggested as an efficient method for dust control in the region.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Dust pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Woody Plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Bio detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Interpolation
  topic: keywords
subject: IDW Method
  topic: keywords
creator: Marzieh Hoseini
creator: Azadeh Kazemi
creator: Morteza Naderi
creator: Mina Taghizadeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marzieh Hoseini, Azadeh Kazemi, Morteza Naderi, Mina Taghizadeh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-14
publication date: 2025-09-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1504.37

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran
type: item
description: Ethnobotany investigates the traditional and local application of plants in different regions. This study aimed to introduce the most important medicinal plants in Delfan County, Lorestan Province, Iran, and their applications in traditional therapies. The plant samples in the area were collected during the growing season based on the common methods of plant taxonomy using different flora and other sources. The medicinal species were identified using different flora and other references. The family, genus, species, and plant organs with medicinal value were determined. The protective classes of plants were investigated using the Red Data Book of Iran. Ethnopharmacological data were collected using various references, questionnaires, field survey methods, and group interviews. In total, 212 species were collected, of which 114 medicinal species belonging to 33 families and 95 genera were identified. The results showed that the largest families in terms of the number of medicinal species; Lamiaceae with 23 species (20.18%), Asteraceae with 20 species (17.54%), Fabaceae with 9 species (7.89%), Apiaceae with 7 species (6.14%), and Poaceae and Brassicaceae each with There are 6 species (5.26%). Biological forms of plants were determined based on Raunkiaer. Hemicryptophytes 44.70%, therophytes 30.70%, chaemophytes 11.40%, phanrophytes 7% and geophytes 6.10% of the plants of the region. Many species (about 34%) have Irano-Turanian region distribution. Iran's endemic species in the region include two types of protection class in Endangered (EN) with 2 species and Vulnerable (VU) with one species. Examining the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants in the studied area showed that they are anti-inflammatory (11%), diuretic (11%), anti-diabetic (10%), digestive (8%) antimicrobial (7%), analgesic (6%), sedative (6%), stomachic (6%), hepatoprotective (5%) and cough (5%) are the most used medicinal plants in the region.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Ethnobotany
  topic: keywords
subject: Life Form
  topic: keywords
subject: Chorology
  topic: keywords
subject: Delfan County
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicinal Plants
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation Status
  topic: keywords
creator: Amir Mirzaei Mossiavand
creator: Farajollah Tarnian
creator: Azad Rastegar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Amir Mirzaei Mossiavand, Farajollah Tarnian, Azad Rastegar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-14
publication date: 2025-09-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1504.38

Effects of mulches and plant shelters on soil moisture, seedlings establishment and growth of Zygophyllum atriplicoides in an arid rangeland, Iran
type: item
description: Soil mulches and plant shelters may improve microclimate conditions and conserve soil moisture in arid ecosystems. Few studies have tested their effects on plant establishment in the arid steppe rangelands. Also, different methods have rarely been compared in a single study. We applied and monitored the effects of fragmented stones and shrub debris (as soil mulches), and plastic gallons (as plant shelters), along with a control treatment, on the newly planted seedlings of Zygophyllum atriplicoides, a native keystone shrub, in Zirkuh rangelands, Ghaen, eastern Iran. Seven times irrigation was applied on five treatments as control, within stone shelter, litter shelter, inside (PGI), and outside (PGO) plastic gallons, using a completely randomized design with four replications. The seedlings were irrigated five times from March 15 to August 21 in 2015 and twice on May 10 and June 5 in 2016. Seedling growth and survival rate were measured 7 times during two consecutive growing seasons, from February 2015 to September 2016. The highest increase (76%) in soil moisture conservation was found inside both PGI and PGO treatments. The highest (93.8%) establishment rate of Z. atriplicoides seedlings was found in the stone treatment. Plastic gallons increased shoot growth of Z. atriplicoides seedlings (PGI=219%, PGO=100%) as well as root volume (PGI=29%, PGO=27%) and root depth (PGI=13%, PGO=21%). Plastic gallon shelters increased seedling establishment in the first year (12%), but their efficiencies were lost as they were destroyed by the sunlight. Considering the relative cost, ecological, and environmental aspects, stone shelter is recommended as the best treatment for a higher establishment of Z. atriplicoides. Nevertheless, we also suggest further investigation on PG treatments, as they showed promising effects on plant growth and soil moisture conservation during the dry seasons.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Irrigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Moisture conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rangeland restoration
  topic: keywords
subject: Seedlings establishment
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Esforoghii
creator: Mohammad Farzam
creator: Mansoor Mesdaghi
creator: Azam Khakzar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Esforoghii, Mohammad Farzam, Mansoor Mesdaghi, Azam Khakzar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-14
publication date: 2025-09-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1504.39

The role of agricultural systems and rangeland ecosystem services in the food security and nutrition of smallholder farmer households: A small-scale analysis from the west of Iran
type: item
description: Agriculture and rangeland are the basis of livelihood of Smallholder Farmer Households (SFHs) in Sarpol-Zahab county, west of Iran. In this area, three distinct Agricultural Systems (ASs) based on agricultural and pasture ecosystem services have been formed over time including a) AS of guaranteed agri-products that are purchased by the government, b) AS of commercial agri-products that are limited to agro-ecosystem services and c) AS of agri-pasture products that are characterized by a diverse range of agricultural and pasture ecosystem services. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the consequences of Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) of these ASs for SFHs and compare them. Collecting the required information using the USDA household food security questionnaire, the structured questionnaire for ASs, interviews and field surveys lasted from October to December 2023. The results showed a relatively high prevalence of food insecurity (57.3%) among SFHs. Food insecurity was negatively correlated with farmland size (r=-0.17, p<0.05), household income (r=-0.73, p<0.01), AS of commercial agri-products (r=-0.46, p<0.01), AS of agri-pasture products (r=-0.21, p<0.05), while, there was a weak and positive correlation between food insecurity and AS of guaranteed agri-products that was purchased by the government (r=0.15, p>0.05). The results of the relative risk test also confirm the occurrence of household food insecurity for the conditions of the absence of the AS of commercial agri-products, the absence of the AS of agri-pasture products, and the presence of the AS of guaranteed agri-products. The proper income and crop diversity, part of which is consumed in the households' food basket, will improve the food security status of the SFHs by the AS of agri-pasture products.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: Agricultural systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Pasture
  topic: keywords
subject: Agroecosystem services
  topic: keywords
subject: Food insecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural household livelihood
  topic: keywords
creator: Saeed Mahmoudi
creator: Hossein Mahmoudi
creator: Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani
creator: Jafar Kambouzia
rights: Copyright (c) -1 Saeed Mahmoudi, Hossein Mahmoudi, Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani, Jafar Kambouzia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-20
publication date: 2025-08-20
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1504.32

Forecast of temporal-spatial changes of Iran's vegetation using Markov Chain- Automated Cell Model
type: item
description: Vegetation changes are the main criteria for desertification and that is important in land management and monitoring. This research aimed to investigate the vegetation cover changes in different provinces of Iran. In the present study, vegetation changes were forecasted for 2024 using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from MODIS satellite images to monitor temporal-spatial vegetation changes in different provinces of Iran and apply a Markov forecast model. To this end, vegetation maps were initially drawn for 2000, 2008 and 2016, and then changes were detected based on the comparison after classification according to different provinces. Results revealed that more descending vegetation changes belong to Markazi, Lorestan, Khuzestan, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Bushehr and Ilam Provinces, respectively. Finally, vegetation changes were forecasted for 2024 using Markov chain-automated cell model. The results of the vegetation changes matrix based on maps from 2008 to 2016 showed that the vegetation classes of no vegetation, low vegetation, medium vegetation, and high vegetation with probabilities of 95, 90, 89, and 93%, respectively, would remain unchanged from 2016 to 2024 so that the class without vegetation will have the highest stability, and on the other hand, the normal class will have the lowest stability.
subject: Original Article
  topic: section
subject: MODIS
  topic: keywords
subject: NDVI
  topic: keywords
subject: Remote Sensing
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Change Detection
  topic: keywords
creator: Fereshteh Pormarefat
creator: Mahdi Tazeh
creator: Majid Sadeghinia
creator: Vahid Moosavi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fereshteh Pormarefat, Mahdi Tazeh, Majid Sadeghinia, Vahid Moosavi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-20
publication date: 2025-07-20
doi: 10.57647/j.jrs.2025.1503.29