Al-Zubaidi ZFH, Hadi-Vencheh A, Hosain Al-Sarray AS, Jamshidi A. A Fuzzy Approach for the Automatic Off‑Line Arabic Signature Verification Problem. Int. J. Math. Model. Comput. 2026;16(3):231-241. doi:10.57647/ijm2c.2026.1603.19