A Hybrid Model Based on Deep XGBOOST for Creating a Stable Network and Classifying Cancer Tumor Images Using Supervised Blended Learning (Cono-XGBoost)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Aza.C., Islamic Azad University, Azarshahr, Iran
- Department of Electronics, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Computer Engineering, Aza.C., Islamic Azad University, Azarshahr, Iran
Received: 2025-09-02
Revised: 2025-11-09
Accepted: 2025-12-20
Published in Issue 2025-12-31
Copyright (c) 2025 Amir Asil, Hamed Alipour-Banaei, Shahram Mojtahedzadeh, Hasan Asil (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
PDF views: 53
Abstract
Blended learning is expanding and is being employed to solve various problems. Network stabilization and incremental network learning (enhancing weak learners) are some benefits that can be pursued in this type of learning. Moreover, the application of blended learning in medical science has also increased with the advancement of machine learning, which is used in various aspects of this field, such as diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Machine learning in medical image processing has undergone significant development over the past few years. The classification of medical images, including the detection of cancer tumors, fractures, masses, etc., has been among these research endeavors. This study aimed to utilize the development of the XGBOOST method to propose a technique for reducing the error rate in the classification of cancer tumor images. In addition to error reduction, another goal pursued in this model is network stabilization to enhance the effectiveness of identifying various images. The research, evaluated on different datasets, shows a 2% reduction in error compared to previous methods. This technique can potentially be used in the future to classify other topics.
Keywords
- Deep Learning,
- XGBoost,
- Classification,
- Image Processing,
- Brain Tumor
References
- Nguyen TT, Nguyen QVH, Nguyen DT, Nguyen DT, Huynh-The T, Nahavandi S, Nguyen TT, Pham QV, Nguyen CM, Deep learning for deepfakes creation and detection: a survey. Comput Vis Image Underst, 2022
- Piccialli F, Di Somma V, Giampaolo F, Cuomo S, Fortino G (2021) A survey on deep learning in medicine: why, how and when? Inf Fus 66:111–137
- Pouyanfar S, Sadiq S, Yan Y, Tian H, Tao Y, Reyes MP, Shyu ML, Chen SC, Iyengar SS, A survey on deep learning: algorithms, techniques, and applications. ACM Comput Surv (CSUR), 51(5):1–36, 2018
- Thamilselvan P, Sathiaseelan J Image classification using hybrid data mining algorithms—a review. In: IEEE Sponsored 2nd international conference on innovations in information embedded and communication systems ICIIECS’15
- Tianqi Chen, Carlos Guestrin, XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System, Machine Learning, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1603.02754,2018
- Jain A.K., Duin P.W., Mao J., “Statistical pattern recognition - a review,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell, Vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 4-36, 2018.
- Jamshid Bagherzadeh, Hasan Asil, proposing a New Method of Image Classification Based on the AdaBoost Deep Belief Network Hybrid Method, TELKOMNIKA, Vol 17, No 5, 2019
- Liu Y., Zhang D., Lu G., Ma W. Y., “A survey of content-based image retrieval with high-level semantics,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 40, pp. 262-282, 2017.
- Ibomoiye Domor Mienye, Yanxia Sun. A Survey of Ensemble Learning: Concepts, Algorithms, Applications and Prospects,2022
- Sollich, P. and Krogh, A., Learning with ensembles: How overfitting can be useful, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, volume 8, pp. 190-196, 1996.
- Brown, G. and Wyatt, J. and Harris, R. and Yao, X., Diversity creation methods: a survey and categorisation., Information Fusion, 6(1), pp.5-20, 2005.
- Adeva, J. J. García; Cerviño, Ulises; Calvo, R.. Accuracy and Diversity in Ensembles of Text Categorisers". CLEI Journal. 8 (2): 1:1–1:12. doi:10.19153/cleiej.8.2.1 November 2024
- Gashler, M.; Giraud-Carrier, C.; Martinez, T. Decision Tree Ensemble: Small Heterogeneous is Better Than Large Homogeneous" (PDF). 2008 Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications. Vol. 2008. pp. 900–905. doi:10.1109/ICMLA.2008.154. ISBN 978-0-7695-3495-4. S2CID 614810.
- Liu, Y.; Yao, X. Neural Networks.1998, 12 (10): 1399–1404.,doi:10.1016/S0893-6080(99)00073-8. ISSN 0893-6080. PMID 12662623.
- Wu, S., Li, J., & Ding, W A geometric framework for multiclass ensemble classifiers, Machine Learning, 112(12), pp,2023. 4929-4958. doi:10.1007/S10994-023-06406-W
- Terufumi Morishita et al, Rethinking Fano’s Inequality in Ensemble Learning, International Conference on Machine Learning, 2022
- Manna, Ankur; Kundu, Rohit; Kaplun, Dmitrii; Sinitca, Aleksandr; Sarkar, Ram. "A fuzzy rank-based ensemble of CNN models for classification of cervical cytology". Scientific Reports. 11 (1):14538. Bibcode:2021NatSR. 1114538M. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93783-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8282795. PMID 34267261.
- Hu X, Chu L, Pei J, Liu W, Bian J Model complexity of deep learning: a survey. Knowl Inf Syst 63(10):2585–2619, 2021
- Satej W, Alamelu M, Santosh Kumar V, An improved medical image classification model using data mining techniques. In: IEEE GCC Conference and Exhibition, Doha, 2021
- Addakiri K., Bahaj M. (2012) "On-line Handwritten Arabic Character Recognition using Artificial Neural Network," International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), Volume 55.
- Jamishid Bagherzadeh, Hasan Asil, A review of various semi-supervised learning models with a deep learning and memory approach, Iran Journal of Computer Science, 2018
- Kattenborn T, Leitloff J, Schiefer F, Hinz S (2021) Review on convolutional neural networks (CNN) in vegetation remote sensing. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 173:24–49
- Yang L., and Algregtsen F., “Fast computation of invariant geometric moments: A new method giving correct results,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing, 2022.
- A. K. Jain, Fundamental of Digital Image Processing, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 2021.
- Jafar Tanha, Ensemble approaches to semi-supervised learning, UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository),2013, http://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.393046
- Greenspan H. and Pinhas A. T., “Medical Image Categorization and Retrieval for PACS Using the GMMKL Framework”, IEEE Trans. on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 190-202, March 2021.
- Cheng Ju and Aur´elien Bibaut and Mark J. van der Laan, The Relative Performance of Ensemble Methods with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Classification, Cornell University,2017: arXiv:1704.01664v1 [stat.ML] 5 Apr 2017
- Ji Zhu, Hui Zou, Saharon Rosset and Trevor Hastie, Multi-class AdaBoost, Statistics and Its Interface Volume 2, 2009 349–360
- N-ary Decomposition for Multi-class Classification. Machine Learning Journal (MLJ), 2019
- Freund, Y. and Schapire, R. A decision-theoretic generalization of online learning and an application to boosting. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 1997 119–139 MR1473055
- Transfer Hashing: From Shallow to Deep, IEEE Transactions on Neural Network and Learning Systems (TNNLS), 2018
- Jiang H, Peng M, Zhong Y, Xie H, Hao Z, Lin J, Ma X, Hu X (2022) A survey on deep learning-based change detection from high-resolution remote sensing images. Remote Sens 14(7):1552
- Harri Valpola. From neural PCA to deep unsupervised learning. In Adv. in Independent Component Analysis and Learning Machines, pages 143–171. Elsevier, 2015.arXiv:1411.7783.
10.57647/ijbbe.2025.0502.11