Gender Analysis of Medicinal Plant Cultivation from the Aspect of the Security of Livelihood Capitals

Abstract

Since climate change has negative consequences for agricultural production and people’s livelihoods, there is an increased need for flexibility in agricultural systems. The cultivation of medicinal plants is crucial for livelihoods and water resource conservation, making it an effective strategy to achieve resilience in agricultural systems and reduce vulnerability. This study explores the effect of cultivating medicinal plants on the livelihood capitals of women and men farmers in eastern Iran. The statistical population included 7,172 farmers, with 368 selected as a sample using the Krejcie and Morgan table through stratified random sampling. Subject matter experts confirmed the study instrument’s validity, and its reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed with SPSS software. Comparing the livelihood capital of women and men resulting from the cultivation of medicinal plants showed that men had higher social, human, and economic capital than women. The study’s findings guide policymakers and executive managers in developing effective livelihood strategies and assist farmers in selecting activities that maximize capital and performance. Recommendations include enhancing farmers’ skills, improving access to technology, and strengthening rural cooperatives to boost productivity and quality. The study urges policymakers to prioritize resource access and support agricultural communities, especially in developing countries and regions affected by climate change, to foster economic development.